231 



BlLIRUBIN AND HAEMATOIDIN (iN URINARY 

 SEDIMENT) 



1 . Bilirubin crystals form yellowish-brown rhom- 

 boidal plates or needles. 



Easily soluble in CHCl r Gives Gmelin's reaction, 

 green, under the microscope. 



2. Haematoidin, dark red in colour or greenish 

 if impure, with nitric acid they give a transient blue. 



According to Hoppe-Seyler, however, they are 

 identical. 



HAEMATOPORPHYRIN 



Occurs in urine as alkaline haematoporphyrin 

 (Fig. 73). In urate sediments a similar form occurs. 

 It is soluble in chloroform, giving bands similar to those 

 of oxyhaemoglobin, but acid converts this into acid 

 haematoporphyrin bands. Solutions have a brilliant 

 red fluorescence. It is- found in the urine in toxic 

 conditions, such as chronic sulphonal poisoning. It is 

 precipitated by lead acetate, while oxyhaemoglobin 

 is not. 



SUGAR 



Before testing for sugar, boil to remove all 

 proteids. 



Reduction of copper solution is effected by bile 

 pigments. Reduction occurs also in patients taking 

 salicylic acid, sulphonal, and quinine (Simon), so that 

 it may be necessary to use 



1. Fermentation Test or 



2. Phenyl-Hydrazine Test. Take a pinch of pure 

 phenyl-hydrazine, ten drops glacial acetic acid, one 

 c.c. of a saturated solution of common salt; add three 



