The Brachycera (fipa~xys short, Kepas antenna) 

 include the following : 

 I. Tabanidae (Horse-flies or gad ( = sting) flies). 



Large flies. Antenna three-jointed, not termin- 

 ating in a style or arista (the arista (when bristle-like) 

 or style (when thick) being an appendage of the 

 terminal portion (flagellum) of the antenna). Third 

 segment of antenna annulated. Labium enclosing 

 four stylets in <?, six in ?. The terminal joint of 

 the palpi is inflated, and the palpi hang down in front 

 of the proboscis. Eyes in $ holoptic (contiguous), 

 occupying most of head area. In $ dichoptic (sepa- 

 rate). The male fly does not bite. 





s) 



Fig. 1 20. Wing of Lepidoselaga (Hadrus), a Tabanid. a.c.v. 

 anterior cross vein ; p. c.v. posterior cross vein 



Egg. Spindle-shaped. They are laid in spherical 

 or flat groups on the stems of grass, etc. 



Larva. Are aquatic or live in damp earth. 

 They are carnivorous. They are about an inch long. 



Pupa. Aquatic or terrestrial. Over an inch long. 



The Tabanidae are divided into two divisions, 

 comprising more than thirty genera and over thirteen 

 hundred species. It is only possible to mention here 

 the commonest genera. 





