362 INDEX. 



PART II. -HEATING. 



SECTION I. 



PRINCIPLES OF COMBUSTION. 



The nature and properties of fuel. Considerations on the subject. Char- 

 acteristics in the use of coals pointed out. Result of the application of heat 

 to coal. Disengagement of gas. Gases endowed with the power of giving out 

 heat. Combustibility. What is combustion. The heating power of gas, 125 



Inquiry into the combustion of coal gas. Doctrine of equivalents. Ob- 

 servations of Mr. Parks. Disproportion between the volumes of the constituent 

 parts. Different kinds of gases generated. Bulk of gases represented by 

 figures 132 



Atmospheric air. Its constituents represented by diagrams. The com- 

 ponent parts of different gases represented by diagrams. Union of the con- 

 stituents. Chemical law in relation to these gases. Carbon vapor, . . . 137 



Formation of carburetted hydrogen. Excess and deficiency of heat-producing 

 ingredients. The union of oxygen with smoke. Quantity of air required to 

 supply the requisite quantity of oxygen. How ordinary furnaces are incapable 

 of consuming coal perfectly. The complete combustion of bodies, .... 145 



Argand lamp. Williams' smoke-preventing furnace figured and described. 



Jeffries' smoke-precipitating furnace figured and described. Their value 

 considered. Application of these inventions in Europe. Methods of burning 

 smoke, 148 



Construction of furnaces. For heating large boilers. For making the 

 fuel last a long time. Considerations necessary to be noticed in building the 

 furnace. The kind of fuel to be consumed. Size and width of bars. 

 Table for ascertaining the area of furnaces, 153 



SECTION II. 



PRINCIPLES OF HEATING HOT-HOUSES. 



Effects of artificial heat. Changes produced by it. Animal and vegetable 

 matter decomposed by it. Hydrogen eliminated by the decomposition of 

 water. Experiments on the effects of heated air. Heat from brick flues. 

 Iron radiators more injurious than others, 156 



Laws of heat. Radiation and conduction. Combined effects of radiation. 



Proportion they bear to each other. Table showing the velocities of cooling 

 at different temperatures. Experiments on cooling of iron pipes. Specific 

 heat of air and water. Horticultural structures different from opaque build- 

 ings. Causes of loss of heat, 158 



Table showing the quantity required to heat given volumes of air. The 

 effects of glass windows ascertained. Experiments on glass surfaces. Table 

 showing the results. Specific heat of air and water. Application to hot- 

 house buildings, 164 



SECTION III. 

 HEATING BY HOT WATER, HOT-AIR, AND STEAM. 



Practice of heating by hot water. Its merits considered. Temperature 

 of hot- water pipes. Weight of steam. Calculations showing the superiority 

 of hot-water pipes. Permanancy of heat by hot water, 167 



