52 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 



The Luzon birds collected by Everett were identified by Walden 

 as I. maculatus and the Mindanao-Basilan species as I. validirostris. 

 In Ibis, 1881, p. 597, Hargitt very properly separates the Mindanao- 

 Basilan form under the name I. fulvifasciatus. 



In J. f. O. 1882, p. 227, Kutter describes a single specimen from 

 Guimaras under the names " Yungipicus maculatus Scop." and 

 "Baepipo validirostris Cab." Kutter's example was a poor one, as 

 he expressly states, and having no material for comparison he un- 

 hesitatingly united the Guimaras and Luzon birds. 



Dr. J. B. Steere, the first naturalist before whom a series of speci- 

 mens from all these localities ever lay, saw at once the differences 

 between the Luzon and Panay birds, which unfortunately he seems 

 not to have thought worth pointing out. and rightly retained the 

 name "maculatus" for the Panay species. The Luzon birds he 

 called "validirostris," with apparent reason as they most certainly 

 are not maculatus and the birds described by Blyth may well have 

 come from Luzon. The Mindanao-Basilan species he re-described 

 under the name "Yungipicus basilanica," overlooking Hargitt's 

 name and description entirely. 



We note the following differences between the Luzon-Marinduque- 

 Mindoro birds and those from Panay, Guimaras, Negros and Cebu. 

 I. validirostris, the first mentioned species, has "the upper parts, 

 together with wings, tail, also their coverts brownish black." I. 

 maculatus has these parts very light rusty brown and the wing- 

 coverts and quills are spotted with buffy white, not pure white as in 

 L validirostris. Bars on tail buffy white. Shafts of quills rusty 

 brown. Occiput, nape and hind-neck rusty brown like back, the black 

 of I. validirostris being entirely lacking. A broad scarlet stripe on 

 side of occiput, the stripes of opposite sides being nearly confluent 

 on nape. No black tips on nasal plumes. Auricular stripe rusty 

 brown, not broivnish black. The fulvescent wash on under surface of 

 I. validirostris usually entirely lacking and always very faint. Ill-de- 

 fined rusty brown stripes on under surface in place of sharp black 

 markings of I. validirostris. I. maculatus is also lighter on rump 

 than is I. validirostris, the feathers being faintly spotted with lighter 

 color and not barred as in I. validirostris. The adult female of I. 

 maculatus is like the male but lacks the scarlet markings on head. 



The other species of the genus found in the Philippine islands 

 with the possible exception of that from Samar and Leyte are so 

 well marked that no possibility of confusion exists. 



