Spaying 189 



is inserted through the incision, the ovaries are found on 

 either side of the uterus and removed with an ecraseur 

 or emasculator, made for the purpose. This is an 

 excellent method when it can be used. 



Second. — The flank method. This is used mostly 

 for heifers and sows, though some surgeons also use 

 it for bitches. Heifers are confined in the standing 

 position, in stanchions, and crowded against a wall on 

 the left side; the hair is clipped from a space about 

 six inches long and two inches wide, between the point 

 of the hip and last rib, antiseptics used, and an inci- 

 sion four or five inches long made through the skin 

 and muscles. Some operators prefer the left side, but 

 the rumen, or "paunch," is somewhat in the way. 

 The left hand, previously cleaned and oiled, is inserted, 

 the ovaries found lying on either side of the uterus 

 or womb, and removed with an emasculator or spaying 

 shears. The wound is closed with two strong stitches, 

 antiseptics being used. Both ovaries are removed 

 through one incision. 



A sow is laid on a table, the mouth firmly tied 

 with a strip of strong cloth to prevent biting. The 

 incision can be made on either side. The tube connect- 

 ing the ovary with the uterus is found and followed 

 to the ovary, which can be removed by tearing off 

 with the thumb and finger; the other ovary is re- 

 moved in like manner through the same incision. 



Third. — Through the belly. This is used mostly 

 on bitches. It is also used on sows and heifers, but 

 is not so good as the flank method, on account of 

 the danger of a rupture following, and because of the 



