Glanders 357 



ders does not float through the air, but is transmitted 

 by direct contact, or by means of watering -troughs, 

 feed-boxes, hitching- posts, equipment or utensils that 

 have been contaminated by a diseased animal. The dis- 

 charge from the nose of a glandered animal contains 

 the germs in large numbers, and wherever this dis- 

 charge is scattered it is liable to infect other animals. 

 Perhaps the disease is sometimes transmitted by means 

 of flies. 



Glanders may occur in the chronic form or the acute 

 form, or it may attack the skin in the form of farcy. 

 In the early stages, and especially in the chronic form, 

 glanders is diflicult to diagnose on account of its in- 

 sidious nature. To an ordinary observer, the horse 

 appears but slightly ailing, and yet he may be badly 

 diseased and a dangerous source of infection. 



The symptom usually noticed first is a slight sticky 

 discharge from one or both nostrils, thin and colorless. 

 As it dries about one nostril, it gives the nostril 

 the appearance of being smaller than the other. As 

 the disease progresses, the discharge becomes thicker, 

 resembling raw linseed-oil ; later, it becomes yellowish 

 and often streaked with blood. The discharge is more 

 profuse when the animal is exercised, or when the head 

 is lowered to drink or to eat. There is a popular idea 

 among horsemen that if the discharge from the horse's 

 nose sinks in water it is glanders, while if it floats it 

 is not glanders ; but this is not to be relied on as 

 a test. Raw, ragged ulcers, with depressed centers and 

 reddish edges, appear on the mucous membrane lining 

 the nostrils, and especially on the septum, or partition 



