Little Trail Creek 



Grayling Arm Hebgen Lake 



Cinnamon 



Sheep Creek 



Little Mile 



Kirkwood 



Elkhorn Ranch 



Wapiti Creek 

 2. PRIVATE LAND: The Bluewater Creek population of C. 

 longispica is on land owned by a private 

 individual. Portions of the Grayling Arm Hebgen 

 Lake and Grayling Power Pole sites are owned by 

 private individuals. A portion of the Little 

 Trail Creek population is on corporate lands. The 

 Raynolds Bridge population is on private land, 

 although some of this may be partly administered 

 by the State of Montana as a rest area. 



II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 



A. THREATS TO KNOWN POPULATIONS 



1. ENERGY EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT: Oil and gas 

 development has occurred to the southeast of the 

 east front of the Beartooth Mountains, and oil and 

 gas leasing has been proposed for the Beartooth 

 front area of Custer National Forest. Intense oil 

 and gas exploration and development could 

 adversely impact populations of Castilleja 

 longispica by destroying habitat; however, it is 

 unlikely that more than a small portion of the C. 

 longispica plants in the area would be destroyed 

 in this way. Much more pernicious is the threat 

 of widespread introduction of aggressive exotic 

 plants (see below) that always accompanies road 

 construction and large-scale disturbances. 



2. EXOTIC PLANTS: Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) is 

 present along some roads as well as in native 

 grasslands along the front of the Beartooth 

 Mountains. The semi-arid climate and gravelly 

 soils found in the area are conducive to the 

 spread of this aggressive exotic. There was 



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