300 CONOVULID^E. 



attachment to the body is long and slender. The structure of 

 the foot is that of Pedipes. I observed it twenty-five years 

 ago, and its quality of locomotion perfectly agrees with the 

 etymology of that term ; it is very slow, in consequence of a 

 double action of the pedal disk being necessary to effect pro- 

 gression, the anteal portion being first carried forward, accom- 

 panied by the head and neck; it is then fixed, when the 

 posterior portion carrying the shell is drawn up to its prede- 

 cessor or pes pedij and so on, and thus a slow march is accom- 

 plished. There is no operculum. The neck, from the length 

 of its protrusion, admits of close examination, but no gene- 

 rative organ was observed. I think that, from all the fourteen 

 specimens having ovaria, they, like the Helices, are herm- 

 aphrodites with mutual congression. The sac of the ova is 

 deposited in the posterior cavity of the shell, which part is 

 without internal spire ; the animal appears to have the power 

 of absorbing the septa ; the oviduct winds, entwined with the 

 brown liver, accompanied by the intestine, to its termination 

 at the middle of the right side of the aperture. The intestine 

 is by far the most conspicuous organ of the viscera ; it is very 

 large and always folly distended ; its course, after leaving the 

 pylorus of the bursiform stomach, is along the left side, glued 

 to the liver ; it descends to nearly the ovarian bag before it 

 ascends on the right side of the liver to its termination at the 

 middle of the aperture, where the faecal matters may be seen 

 to issue, not in distinct pellets, but in large cylindrical-formed 

 brown sandy masses ; the rectum is a mere aperture, but, like 

 the intestine, of large calibre ; there are two slight sigmoid 

 flexures, otherwise the form and course of the intestine and its 

 formed contents are very similar to those parts in Helix ; the 

 oesophagus is long ; but though we could not detect all the 

 organs of the buccal mass, we found at the usual place the 

 nervous cordon of two oval yellow ganglions. 



I now come to the most important point of this examina- 

 tion, the character of the respiratory organ, as some mala- 

 cologists are still in doubt whether the animal breathes pure 

 air or extracts it from water ; my own prepossessions have 

 been of the latter cast. Having submitted fourteen live ani- 



