1898 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



61 



come a fact, with what amazement will future 

 generations look back upon our inhuman cus- 

 tom of killing each other in order to settle a 

 boundary dispute ! 



Do not think this is a dreamer's prophecy. 

 It has a good deal stronger backing than the 

 so-called non-resistance vagary of Quakerism. 

 Here in the United States, with three thousand 

 miles of water between us and European com- 

 plications, we have a clear field for the growth 

 of the arbitration principle. Ever since the 

 Jay treaty in 1794 settled a question of bound- 

 ary, this principle has been gaining ground. 

 It has carried us through man}- types of inter- 

 national controversy, and is chiefly responsi- 

 ble for our long peace with Great Britain. 

 The single example of the Alabama arbitra- 

 tion is sufficient to remind us how severe a 

 strain was placed upon this principle, and how 

 nobly it stood the test ; and yet the Alabama 

 controversy involved questions of both right 

 and honor to both countries. Who can meas- 

 ure the saving to England and America, both 

 of life and wealth, by the avoidance of war in 

 this single instaiice? Had war ensued, the 

 real issu; would have been at once lost to sight, 

 for then, instead of being a question of right 

 or honor, it would have become a mere ques- 

 tion of prowess. 



How great is the real advance toward gen- 

 eral acceptance of arbitration is shown by the 

 fact that, in the past one hundred years, the 

 United States has been engaged in sixty-eight* 

 cases of arbitration, and forty-eight of these 

 were cases where her own interests were di- 

 rectly involved ; j-et all have been peaceably 

 settled. 



In the face of these facts, is it not plain that 

 such a record redounds more to the glory of 

 the fair name of our nation than all the bat- 

 tles since the Revolution ? 



The fact that confidence in the arbitration 

 principle is slowly but surely gaining ground 

 in this country is a sure indication that the 

 mission of the United vStates among the great 

 nations of the world is to teach this last and 

 greatest lesson in the science of government. 

 Shame upon the jingoistic foUj^ of the news- 

 papers, and many of our congressmen ! This 

 mere braggart talk of war is as revolting as it 

 is insane. ' ' Cause or no cause, ' ' they cry, 

 ' ' we have been a peaceful stay-at-home long 

 enough. We can whip the world, and it is 

 time we showed our spunk." I appeal to the 

 common sober sense of every fair-minded cit- 

 izen. 



What religion demands, reason also de- 

 mands — the cultivation of an anti-war con- 

 science. This is the only cure for the insani- 



* Had some one asked nie how many times the 

 United States had been engaged in settling inter- 

 national troubles by arbitration, I should have said 

 perhaps a dozen; and when I was told that already 08 

 cases of this kind were recorded in our comparatively 

 short life as a nation, I could not but breathe a little 

 prayer, " May the Lord be praised ! "' There are other 

 troubles to be met — God only knows how great and 

 how many ; and it may be, as our brother has .said, 

 that there will be cases where it must be war, ju.st as 

 we would use firearms to put down and subdue a gang 

 of train robbers. But let us be sure that, where there 

 is any pos.sibility of resorting to arbitration, such 

 means are well and faithfully tried before guns or 

 other firearms are called into requisition. — A. I. R. 



ty of " jingoism." This is not mixing religion 

 and politics, but is simply an attempt to em- 

 phasize the fact that an anti-war conscience is 

 an enlightened conscience, and that an en- 

 lightened conscience is fundamental to both 

 religion anl statesmanship. 



The day must come when the Sermon on 

 the Mount will be regarded not only as an ut- 

 terance of surpassing religious value, but as a 

 state doctiment as well, whose positions clear- 

 ly outline the onh- true policy for the rela- 

 tions of the nations of the earth. Through 

 the blessed truth it holds, the prophecy of 

 Isaiah shall come to pass in a " World's Inter- 

 national Court of Arbitration," for then shall 

 these words be fulfilled: "He shall judge 

 between the nations;" and, " Neither shall they 

 learn war any more." 



THE CIGARETTE BUSINESS ; A STATEMENT 



FROM PROF. WILEY, UNITED STATES 



CHEMIST. 



Perhaps I should explain to our readers that 



I stibmitted to Prof. Wiley the matter in 



regard to tobacco, found on page '25, asking 



him to tell us what is put into cigarettes, and 



his opinion in regard to the matter. Below is 



his reply : 



U. S. Department of .Agricitlture, 

 Division ok Chemistry. 

 Washington, D. C, Dec. 2S, 1S97. 



A. /. R(x^t: — I had occasion a few years ago to look 

 very carefully into the composition of cigarettes, 

 especially in regard to the statements which have 

 been .so frequently made, that they contain opium and 

 other poi.sonous matters foreign to tobacco. After a 

 careful examination of all the standard brands of 

 cigarettes on the market, I was able to say positively 

 that these statements were not true. I doubt if there 

 is one grain of opium or other poisonous matter, not 

 natural to tobacco, in any of the cigarettes now exist- 

 ing in the United States. 



The baneful effects of cigarettes on young persons 

 are due to the natural poi.sonous principles of tobacco, 

 especially nicotine. The cigarette affords the best 

 medium for conveying to the sj-stem the volatile nico- 

 tine during the process of smoking, so that a given 

 quantity of this poisonous matter will produce a great- 

 er effect UDon the system when smoked in the form 

 of cigarettes than in any other way. 



It is not nece-s.sary to look further than this one im- 

 portant point to secure all the argument necessary to 

 show the injurious eiTects of cigarette-smoking on the 

 young. The statement of the case is only weakened 

 by alleging, as facts, opinions which have no founda- 

 tion. 



I have read with much interest the galley-proof of 

 the article which you .sent I am heartily in sympathy 

 with any movement which will prevent the boys of 

 our land from indulging in such a pernicious haliit as 

 cigarette-smoking. In regard to carrying the crusade 

 further, as you propo.se, it is a matter in which my 

 opinion is of no value. Respect fuUv, 



H. W. Wiley, 



Chief of Division. 



Our readers will notice that this analysis 

 was made several years ago. If cigarettes do 

 not contain opium or some other similar poi- 

 son at the present time, I am very glad to 

 know it. There is something very strange in 

 regard to the craze for cigarettes, as it is cer- 

 tainly more enticing than the ordinary tobacco 

 habit. The above statement from such a 

 source, it seems to me, is enotigh to frighten 

 the fathers as well as the mothers, teachers, 

 and Christian people of our land. Permit me 

 to ask again, especially after having read the 

 statement above, whether the government of 



