June 1, 1911 



33J 



Fis. 1.— An Italian colony tliat remained ijerfeotl.v 

 in an apiaiy where there were IGU colonies diseased 



iii(j the combs. About May 1. 190o, this 

 hive contained a colony of black bees, and 

 about ninety per cent of the cells hail dead 

 larvcP in one stage or another. About this 

 time the (|ueen was killed. Ten days later 

 a ripe Italian queen-cell was given, and in 

 due time I had hatching l)roo<l which ajv 

 peared healthy; but as the (jueen tilled tlie 

 combs with eggs the second time I found an 

 occasional dead larva. On furtiier examin- 

 ation I found about for- 

 ty colonies that had 

 been treated in the same 

 manner, still showing 

 the disease. I at once 

 shook the majority of 

 those forty colonies. 

 The colony in Fig. 3 

 was so reduced in num- 

 bers that they were not 

 worth shaking; never- 

 theless, the queen was 

 removed, and, later, 

 having a choice (jueen- 

 cell, and no jjlace to use 

 it, I gave it to this small 

 colony, which now was 

 mostly Italian from the 

 first queen given: and 

 as the second young 

 queen's brood looked so 

 healthy I decided to 

 leave them alone and 

 make a test of the treat- 

 ment given. The re- 

 sult is that they rid 

 themselves of the dis- 

 ease, and have remain- 

 ed free from from it to 

 the ])resent time. Dur- 

 ing this time I had 

 shaken the greater part 



of the colo- 

 nies in this 

 ui)iary upon 

 new frames 

 Idled with 

 foundation. 

 The hives 

 and bottom- 

 boards were 

 singed with 

 fire on the 

 inside, and 

 great care 

 was taken in 

 allof myma- 

 nii)ulations 

 to a V o i d 

 s }) r e a d i n g 

 the disease. 

 At the close 

 of the sea- 

 son I discov- 

 e r e d that 

 m a n y of 

 these same 

 colonies that 

 had been 

 shaken on to 

 new frames 

 of foundation had contracted the trouble 

 again. (These colonies had the same 

 queens they had before they were shaken.) 



The following spring, every colony that 

 showed black bees to any extent whatever 

 had signs of the disease, wdiile all pure Ital- 

 ians were free from it. This same s])ring, 

 two of my out-ai)iaries were badly diseased, 

 and the above facts were demonstrated 

 throughout several hundred colonies. For 



lualtliy, although for tliree years 

 with European foul brood. 



ni a se\L)i-j ear-old iid-clo\ er Queen. 



