Aug. 15. 1911 



and State organizations, and the authoriza- 

 tion of National officers to print and issue 

 labels for the use of dealers who sign an af- 

 fidavit or agree to use the labels only on 

 pure honeys (somewhat on the order of la- 

 bor unions that issue stamps for marking 

 union-made goods) . The proceeds from the 

 sale of these labels could be used for adver- 

 tising in magazines (not bee journals) hav- 

 ing a wide circulation, and also for printing 

 and distributing instructive booklets on 

 bees, honey, and recipes that call for honey, 

 these pamiphlets to be sent to any address 

 upon application. 



As to the advertisements, the main ob- 

 ject of these should be to point out the su- 

 periority of honey to that of corn syrups, 

 jellies, and molasses, and also to caution 

 buyers that, when they purchase honey, to 

 be sure that it bears the label of the Na- 

 tional Bee- keepers' Association as a guar- 

 antee of purity. 



Another means of advertising is to hold 

 exhibitions at expositions and agricultural 

 fairs, and again to distribute interesting 

 literature. 



Cincinnati, O. 



EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD GETTING A FOOT- 

 HOLD IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 



BY LEVI J. BAY. 



Various opinions have been expressed 

 and many articles have been written con- 

 cerning the cause of the severe losses of bees 

 during the past winter and spring in nearly 

 every apiary in Southern California. The 

 cold backward spring, lack of pollen, the 

 dry weather of last summer and fall, have 

 been mentioned among other probable 

 causes, all of which may have affected the 

 situation; but to what extent I am unable 

 to say. 



jSIy partner and I have feared, from the 

 first, that we had something to deal with 

 which was worse than an ordinary case of 

 spring dwindling, and the letter which I 

 have just received frum Dr. Phillips, at 

 Washington, proves that our fears were 

 well grounded. He says that the sample of 

 brood sent him is affected Mith P^uropean 

 foul brood. 



We are requeening our apiary w^ith young 

 Italians, and are giving some of the worst- 

 diseased colonies the jNIcEvoy treatment. 

 We have sent word to the county inspector 

 to have him examine other apiaries in this 

 vicinity, as a number of bee-keepers have 

 complained of chilled brood ana jjickled 

 brood ever since early spring. A\'e have 

 reason to believe that the malady is present 

 in a number of apiaries in this locality. 



As several carloads of bees have been 

 shipped both to and from this valley al- 

 ready this season, I thought that the tVuth 

 of the situation should be known, and I 

 write this statement in order to prevent, as 

 far as possible, any unnecessary distribu- 

 tion of so destructive a disease. 



Monrovia, Cal., July 10. 



491 



[If European foul brood has gotten a foot- 

 hold in California, the bee-keepers of that 

 State should bestir themselves from one end 

 of it to the other to hold it in check. While 

 it is easier to cure than the American type 

 of the disease, it spreads more rapidly. Cal- 

 ifornia bee-keepers should get rid of their 

 old black and hybrid stock, and introduce 

 Italians. — Ed.] 



THE ADVANCE OF APICULTURE IN NEW ZEA- 

 LAND. 



Bee-keepers' Associations on the Increase; a Mod- 

 el Disease Law; Ten-frame Hives Giving Better 

 Results than the Eight Frame. 



BY "PKOGRESS." 



Being situated on the opposite side of the 

 equator to the States our seasons are natu- 

 rally reversed; and when you see the smiling 

 face and receive the hottest rays of the sun, 

 our cold winds are sweeping across the plains 

 and up the valleys of our mountains. This 

 being mainly an agricultural and pastoral 

 country, it is well furnished with rich clo- 

 vers, the main stay of our honey-flow, while 

 other nectar-beari'ng flowering plants and 

 trees are in evidence in sufficient quantities 

 to provide other food and pollen, both before 

 and after the clover. Our winter is not se- 

 vere except occasionally in the extreme 

 South, so that our colonies, if left well pro- 

 vided for in the autumn, are almost certain 

 to come out well in the spring, and, with 

 the careful attention on the part of the api- 

 arist that is essential to the welfare of the 

 honey crop, they can be worked up strong 

 without much trouble. 



The main flow generally starts about the 

 middle of November, and often continues 

 until the end of February. Occasionally, 

 however, on account of various climatic con- 

 ditions the white-clover flowers are rendered 

 destitute of nectar, and the bee-keeper in an 

 all-clover district invariably thinks himself 

 lucky if there is any surplus honey at the 

 end of the season. 



The hives used are the standard Lang- 

 stroth ten-frame, as it is found that they 

 give the best results, and an enterprising 

 firm has installed modern machinery for the 

 making of dovetailed supers. These are 

 made from picked and very dry white pine, 

 and are well finished in every particular. 

 This firm also makes all other woodware 

 necessaries, and supplies every thing per- 

 taining to bee-keeping. 



There are some 18,000 persons who own 

 bees, and the number kept by each ranges 

 from the man who keeps a few hives only to 

 provide him with a relaxation from business, 

 to the apiarist who sometimes keeps as 

 many as 700 or 800 colonies, and who relies 

 on these to provide him with a comfortable 

 means of livelihood. There are quite a num- 

 ber of these latter; and the splendid quality 

 of honey produced, and the averages per col- 

 ony obtained, mark them as good and up- 

 to-date bee-keepers. 



