468 



treatment would not be likely to make it 

 granulate. While one of the samples did 

 turn to a solid condition, the other honey 

 remained as liquid as when produced, and 

 was in a fine condition. 



This brings out one point that is worth 

 considering. A long-continued temperature 

 of 95 or 96, or even 100, for two or three 

 months, may insure some grades of comb 

 honey against granulation even when subse- 

 quent conditions are favorable. 



It is a well-known fact that, when ex- 

 tracted honey is heated to 130 F., and kept 

 hot for two or three days, it will remain 

 liquid much longer than the same honey if 

 heated to 160, and kept hot for only about 

 an hour. By prolonging the period of a 

 lower warm temperature, almost the same 

 results are secured for comb honey appar- 

 ently. The lower the temperature down to, 

 say, 70 F., the longer it must be kept at 

 that point to insure against granulation. 



Taking these facts into consideration, the 

 comb-honey buyer will seek to keep his hon- 

 ey in a warm or even hot room up to about 

 100 degrees, and hold it there to prevent 

 early granulation the following sum m er or 

 fall. 



The Next Edition of the A B C and X 

 Y Z of Bee Culture and the French- 

 man who Thought all the World 

 could Parlez-vous 



When a certain Frenchman left his na- 

 tive country he supposed that all the rest 

 of the world could parlez-vous simply be- 

 cause he could. When the authors of the 

 original ABC book put out the first edi- 

 tions of it they assumed that certain funda- 

 mentals in beekeeping were understood by 

 every one ; and the result was in some cases 

 they shot a little over the heads of many of 

 their readers; or, as the inimitable Hasty 

 once said, they got the hay so high in the 

 rack that some of the sheep could not reach 

 it. 



The new edition takes up the minutest 

 details so that the beginner cannot fail to 

 have a general groundwork of the business 

 before he goes into the general art. For ex- 

 ample, no previous edition has had a gen- 

 eral article on " brood," altho many of the 

 articles had something to say about it in a 

 general way and considerable about foul 

 brood. The new edition, now on the press, 

 has a chapter on the subject, attempting to 

 define what normal brood is in its different 

 stages; how woi'ker and drone brood may 

 be distinguished, and how the cappings of 

 either can be distinguished from the cap- 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



pings of comb honey. Of course, the veriest 

 tyro in the business ought to know the dif- 

 ference between capped comb honey and 

 capped brood, and, like the Frenchman, we 

 thought everybody did. But if one has 

 never seen either, how is he to know? The 

 pictorial representation with the legend be- 

 neath, taken from our next edition, at- 

 tempts to make this plain. See page 488, 

 this issue. 



Education and Diplomacy versus the 

 Strong Arm of the Law in Han- 

 dling Foul Brood 



One of our Ohio foul-brood inspectors, A. 

 C. Ames, was in to see us the other day. In 

 speaking of the foul-brood situation he re- 

 marked, " I have come to the conclusion that 

 we need in Ohio and everywhere else a cam- 

 paign of education. Foul brood is scattered 

 all over the state. Many beekeepers are 

 careless and indifferent, and so, of course, 

 they eliminate themselves in time, but they 

 leave behind them sources of infection. 

 There are beekeepers of another class who 

 are inclined to defy authority if the strong 

 arm of the law is brought to bear to compel 

 them to clean up. In that case they may or 

 may not make trouble by scattering the dis- 

 ease out of pure revenge." He mentioned 

 one case where one of the best beekeepers 

 in the state is located. This beekeeper keeps 

 his yard free from disease. Not far from 

 one of his yards is a man who harbors dis- 

 ease, and apparently always will have it 

 unless the state compels him to clean up. 

 Said Mr. Beekeeper, "Oh ! let him alone, I 

 can keep disease out of my yards as it is; 

 but I couldn't if he deliberately tried to put 

 it there." If the inspector brings the law 

 to bear, the other fellow will naturally in- 

 fer that his neighbor " squealed " on him. 



" One who has foul brood and who would 

 resent compulsion has a powerful weapon," 

 said Mr. Ames, " and diplomacy is far more 

 potent with such fellows than the sti'ong 

 arm of the law, and a good deal safer for 

 beekeepers in the immediate vicinity." 



Incidentally Mr. Ames is one who believes 

 we are going at the foul-brood situation in 

 the country wrong end to. He holds that 

 every state should have a campaign of edu- 

 cation. This can be done by sending out 

 extension workers who will instruct good 

 beekeepers how to prevent and control dis- 

 ease, as the other fellows will eliminate 

 themselves in the near future. The Ohio 

 chief inspector, Mr. Shaw, hopes in time to 

 get this kind of extension work started. If 

 he does he will have the gratitude of the 

 beekeepers of the state. Speed the day! 



