334 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



June, 1920 



But this is not all of the trick. Both he 

 and Mr. Wing discovered that it is not 

 necessarj' to use anything more than a thin 

 syrup that supplies both food and water to 

 the bees en route. The container is nothing 

 but an inverted tin. can with a small hole in 

 the bottom. It is very difficult to make 

 queen - cage candy 

 just right — neither 

 too hard nor too 

 soft — but very easy 

 to make a syrup 

 that will always be 

 the same. Read the 

 legends under the 

 engravings for par- 

 ticulars. 



Another trick is 

 the platform wheel- 

 barrow. There is 

 nol^hing peculiar 

 about it except its 

 design and that it 

 is just the right 

 height for taking 

 supers off the hive. 



13. — This view shows the extensive way in which 

 Mr. Pinard carries on his bee operations. He owns 

 a two-ton truck, and attached behind is a trailer. 

 When he gets ready to move he does it all in one 

 trip, he and his neighbors working together. 



Mr. Pinard has a big two-ton truck and a 

 trailer. A man who does a business on as 

 large a scale as he does, must have a com- 

 plete equipment. Fig. 13 shows that he does 

 things in a large way. 



He has set his stakes to raise 10,000 

 queens this season, and I do not know how 

 many thousands of 

 pounds of bees. 

 That he will be 

 able to meet his ex- 

 pectation, I have 

 no doubt. Both Mr. 

 and Mrs. Pinard 

 are the pictures of 

 health and strength, 

 as Fig. 1 shows. 

 Their enthusiasm 

 for their work is 

 contagious. One 

 feels as if he would 

 like to hire out to 

 them, for it is a 

 pleasure even to 

 watch them in ac- 

 tion. 



FOUL BROOD CONTROL 



IVhat One State is Doing in Clean- 

 ing up Foul '^rood. Systematic 

 Work Aided hy Law 



By S. B. Fracker 



IN the control 

 of bee dis- 

 eases Wiscon- 

 sin is now try- 

 ing some large- 

 scale experi- 

 ments, which 

 differ in some re- 

 spects from the 

 methods used in 

 other parts of the country. Foul-brood laws 

 are no new thing in the United States or 

 in this State. For over 20 years in Wiscon- 

 sin and for 30 years or more in some of the 

 Western States, apiary inspection has been 

 carried on and attempts have been made to 

 improve conditions. 



Results of Past Failure. 

 Recently a reaction has taken place, bas- 

 ed, in part, on an abuse of power by county 

 inspectors in some parts of the country and, 

 to some extent, on the obvious failure of 

 state inspection to accomplish what was ex- 

 pected. As a result, the situation has been 

 opened for any sort of experiment from a 

 complete abandonment of inspection to the 

 most rigid of area disease-eradication meth- 

 ods. Developments of the last five years in 

 Texas, Iowa, Florida, and Pennsylvania are 

 in point. 



Before describing the comprehensive plan 

 adopted last year in Wisconsin, which is in- 

 tended to cover every loophole in the battle 

 against foul brood, let us examine for a 

 moment the bee-disease situation in the 

 State. 



Disease Situation in the State. 

 The aeeoinpanying map indicates in only 

 a general way the plight of AVisconsin bee- 



keepers in fight- 

 ing American 

 foul brood. 

 Since its intro- 

 duction in 1870 

 the disease has 

 spread until in- 

 fections are now 

 known in practi- 

 cally every coun- 

 ty except a few of the northern ones. More 

 samples of this disease are said to have 

 been received at Washington from Wiscon- 

 sin than from any other State, and many 

 large beekeepers have lost entire apiaries. 

 A more disheartening situation can hardly 

 be imagined than faces a large honey-pro- 

 ducer with American foul brood scattered 

 thru his yards. Many have been the profits 

 turned into losses in recent years from this 

 cause. We read with interest of the pub- 

 lishing of foul-brood infections in other 

 States, totaling one-half of one per cent of 

 the apiaries examined, when our inspectors 

 find 30 to 45 per cent diseased in some coun- 

 ties. 



I have outlined the conditions because 

 the plans now being followed are somewhat 

 drastic and expensive. They may not be 

 needed in other places and certainly should 

 not be judged from the standpoint of areas 

 in which a bee disease is a novelty. 

 Premises Assumed. 

 The premises on which Wisconsin 's policy 

 is based are as follows: 



1. The two serious diseases, European and 

 American foul brood, must be handled 



