10 



CHAPTEK I. 



PROTECTION OF FOREST BOUNDARIES.* 



A CLEARLY defined and permanent demarcation of a forest 

 stands in the first rank of the protective measures for forest 

 property. It protects the forest against fraud and damage, 

 and aflbrds security for all the details of forest management. 



The different points which require consideration under this 

 heading are : — 



The various kinds of forest boundaries. 



Settlement of do. 



Demarcation of do. 



Survey of do. 



Description of do. 



Legalisation of do. 



Upkeep of do. 



Cost of do. 



Improvement of do. 



1. The Various Kinds of Forest Boundaries. 



Boundaries are of two principal kinds, property and ad- 

 ministrative boundaries. 



By the term property boundaries is meant those that separate 

 estates, or portions of the same estate subject to servitudes. 



Property boundaries may be either external or internal 

 surrounding enclosures. Boundaries of servitudes separate 

 those parts of an estate that are affected l)y rights of third 

 parties from those which are not so affected. Parts of a forest 

 may be leased for sporting or other purposes, and their 

 boundaries must be clearly defined. 



Administrative boundaries may indicate :■ — 



Administrative units, such as beats, ranges, divisions, etc., or, 



Working units, as compartments, periodic blocks, working- 

 sections, working-circles, etc. 



* Eding, H., " Die Rechtsveihaltnisse des Waldes." Berlin. 1874. Kalk, U., 

 " Die Sicherung der Forstgrenzen." Eberswalde, 187'J. 



