FOREST BOUNDARIES. 



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 •• No 



3 



former case, a strip of a certain breadth inside the boundary 

 may have to be kept clear of forest growth. The choice of 

 the kind of boundary mark depends on circumstances, but 

 stone or masonry pillars are generally to be preferred. In 

 cases where a rapid demarcation is necessary, and cut stones 

 or even bricks are not easily procurable, as in certain districts 

 in India, conical mounds of earth or of stones, with posts 



in the centre, are sometimes used,, at any 



rate until more permanent marks can be 



supplied. 



In constructing such mounds, the post, made 



of heartwood only and of the most durable 



timber available, is first planted in the soil, 



the portion in the ground having been charred, 



or the whole post creosoted or tarred so as to 



ensure greater durability. Eound the post 



two circles are then traced in the ground, and 



earth to be 



heaped up must 



be dug from 



beyond the outer 



circle and placed 



within the inner 



one. Otherwise 



the heap would 



soon settle down 



into the trench. 



The mounds may 



be made of stones 

 if available. The slope of the mounds will correspond with 

 the natural angle of repose for the class of material employed, 

 and their height should be about four feet. Earthen mounds 

 should be carefully protected by placing sods on their surface. 

 Wooden posts without mounds may also be used as boundary 

 marks, but they are then more liable to be thrown down by 

 cattle, or wild animals, or to be removed. In either case 

 the posts should bear current numbers, a very durable form 

 being a cast-iron plate, in which the number is embossed 

 or the numbers may be painted on the posts. 





Fig. 8. — Boundary stone. 



