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CHAPTER II. 



PROTECTION OF THE FOREST AGAINST IRREGU- 

 LARITIES IN THE UTILISATION OF FOREST 

 PRODUCE. 



Section I. — Principal Produce. 

 1. General Account of Damage done. 



The standing-crop or soil of a forest may be endangered 

 during fellings and in the conversion and transport of timber 

 in the following ways : — By overfelling, bad felling, careless 

 conversion or bad stacking of timber and firewood, and 

 careless transport. 



The methods for fixing the annual yield of a forest are 

 explained under Forest Manaffcnient, and how timber should 

 be felled and converted, under Forest Utilisation ; here, only 

 the preventive measures necessary to obviate irregularities 

 will be considered. 



Irregularities of wood-cutters, cartmen, etc., may be dealt 

 with, either by regulations made by the forest owner, or by 

 the forest laws of the country. 



In a general way, it should be noted that some damage 

 must be done during fellings, conversion and transport, and it 

 is only by experience that a forester learns how much damage 

 is unavoidable. Too stringent conditions should not be 

 enforced on woodcutters or timber purchasers. 



2. Overfellinfj. 



All forest operations must be carefully watched, and their 

 results recorded, so that only the fixed yield prescribed by the 

 working-plan is cut annually. At the same time, at least in 

 private forests, it may be advisable to cut more than the fixed 

 yield in seasons when the price of timber is exceptionally high, 

 and reduce the fellings when it is low. 



