44. 



PROTECTION AGAINST MAN. 



On poor soil, in exposed places, longer close-periods are 

 required than for good soils, sheltered positions, and mild 

 climates, since trees then grow faster. Sheep can be driven 

 earlier than cattle or horses into a forest. 



The calculation of the open area in a forest is given in the 

 following formula : — 



Let F = area of forest, 

 / = closed area, 

 ./"i = F — / = open area, 

 ,s- = close-time, 

 /• =: rotation of forest. 



Then,/=F^ 



For example, a forest of 1,000 acres area, with a rotation 

 of 100 years, and a close-time of 25 years : 



The closed area = 1,000 :^ = 250 acres. 

 The open area — 1,000 ^ = 750 acres. 



Speaking generally, according to G. L. Ilartig, the following 



areas should be closed : — 



Broadleaved forest . . . :^ to ;^ of the whole area. 

 Coniferous do. . . • ^^ to ^ ,, 



Coppice do. , . . ^ to | ,, 



According to Hundeshagen, the close-time should be as 



follows : — 



System of Management. 



