88 PROTECTION AGAINST MAN. 



the number of *pigs to be admitted into a forest sbould be based 

 must be prepared by an expert. The riglit-holder can only 

 drive his own pigs into tlie forest, and the forest owner has an 

 equal right. The pigs should be withdrawn when most of the 

 acorns are eaten, or they will damage the forest. This servi- 

 tude does little harm, but is becoming rare in Europe, as stall- 

 feeding of pigs is more profitable. Pannage is still practised 

 in the New Forest {ride p. 31). 



h. Lifter. 



Litter to which right-holders are entitled may be defined or 

 indefinite in amount, and may also be of special kinds ; dead 

 leaves and moss, weeds, etc. — in short, the right to strip the 

 surface of its covering down to the soil may be implied. 



An undefined right to litter means the right to take what is 

 sufficient for the requirements of the right-holder, and in this 

 amount, straw from his own lands must be reckoned. Owing 

 to the prejudicial nature of this right on the fertility of the 

 forest, it mu^ never be stretched so far as to include the 

 whole of the litter a forest may contain. 



The necessary limitations as regards localit}', time and 

 manner of exercise of the right have been already given.* 

 Sod-cutting should never be allowed, except from blanks, as 

 where trees are standing, the roots would be exposed by this 

 practice. The exceptional hurtfulness of this right to the pro- 

 ductiveness of a forest, and the possibility that it may lead to 

 its complete ruin, render it most essential that the forest 

 should be freed from it by purchase or otherwise. 



i. Quarryiny or Uiyyiny J'i/s for Sand, Uravel, Turf, etc. 



Rights to stones, gravel, sand, turf, etc., in another's forest, 

 can extend only to places where the standing-crop and roads 

 are in no danger from the right. Places for reception of refuse 

 from the works, and export-roads must be designated. 



These rights, if properly regulated, can do no injury worth 

 mentioning, to the forest. 



* Page 49. 



