BARK-BEETLES. 235 



e. Remedial Measures^. 



i. Young plants containing larvae should be pulled up and 

 burned in June and July. 



ii. All poles which have been attacked should be felled and 

 barked. 



iii. Billets of unbark( d fir- wood should be laid about, as for 

 JL ahictis, in order to attract the beetles for egg-la3'ing. They 

 should be removed from the middle of June to the middle of 

 July and burned. 



iv. Cones attacked by the insects, and recognisable by the 

 exuding turpentine, should be collected and burned. 



10. Other Species of Pissodes. 

 Another species, Pissodes pini, L., attacks almost every 

 species of pine and also young spruce in a similar manner to 

 P. notatus. In Great Britain it is confined to Scotland, where 

 it is locally common. It is a rather larger insect, with the 

 anterior fascia on the elytra reduced to a few pale spots and 

 the posterior fascia much narrower. Other species oi Pissodes 

 destructive to conifers in Germany are P. piniphilns, Hbst., 

 on Scots pine; P. hercyniae, Hbst., on spruce, which has 

 been very destructive in the Harz and other forest districts in 

 Germany ; and P. pireae, 111., on the silver-fir. 



Family VII. — Scolytidae (Bark-Beetles).* 

 Description of Family. 

 Beetles small and cylindrical, resembling the Anohiidae in 

 their general form. Head globose, rarely produced into a 

 short muzzle, and inserted deeply into the convex thorax ; 

 antennae short, more or less elbowed, and terminated by a large 

 club, their funiculus composed of 2 to 7 joints. Legs short, 

 the til)iae spined or toothed on their outer border, the tarsi 

 with four evident joints, the third sometimes bilobed. Abdomen 

 of 5 segments, the two first of which are generally fused. 



* Eichhoff, W., "Die Europiiisclien Borkcnkiifer,"' Berlin, 1881. The best 

 monograph on the Bark-beetles. 



