SAPERDA POPULNEA. 



283 



reacts by forming a gall-like swelling, which however 

 found on willows. 



In the second summer the larva changes its course, 

 upwards along the middle of the stem 

 for about an inch. The flight-hole is 

 circular and situated on the swollen 

 portion. Pupation in April of the 

 third 3'ear. 



This insect is usually found in open 

 sunny places, and is not uncommon 

 in the Midlands and south of England. 

 It seldom kills the trees, but cripples 

 the branches and prevents growth. 

 "Where it is abundant, hardly a branch 

 can be found free from its galls. 



IS not 

 borinfj 



c . Remedial Measures. 



Collection of the beetles in June by 

 shaking ; cutting and burning the 

 attacked branches during the winter. 



The Musk-beetle, Cerambyx mos- 

 chatus, L., is a handsome dark or 

 bluish-green longicorn with bright 



metallic lustre, it exhales a strong odour of musk. Its larvae 

 live in rotting willow-stems, and also in old osier stools, where 

 it may do some damage. 



Figs. 140 and 141. — Burrows 

 of .S'. populnca, L., in an 

 a.spen twig. 



External view with two flight 

 holes. View of interior 

 with the larval hurrows 

 exposed. 



F.uiiLY IX. — Chrysomelid.-r (Leaf-Beetles). 

 1 inscription of Famihj. 



Lcaf-hcetles are small or of moderate size, convex and short, 

 of an oval or hemispherical shape. 



Antennae filiform, bead-like, or slightly thickened at the 

 ends, 11-jointed. Legs usually short, strong, sometimes 

 framed for jumping; tarsi 4-jointed, spongy below, the 3rd 

 joint bilobed. Abdomen with 5 segments. Generation simple. 



The larvae are short, flattened, usually either parti-coloured 

 or black, with G legs, the last segment usually with a retractile 

 process. Pupae thickset, sometimes hanging upside down from 



