TINEA VARIABILIS. 343 



(I. Protective Rules. 

 Protection of birds. 

 Smoking out as described for the preceding species. 



Family VII. — Tineidae. 

 Description of Family. 



Ima'jos with long fiUform or setaceous antennae, seldom 

 pectinate ; ocelli usually present ; wings long and narrow, 

 usually pointed, and, especially the hind-wings, characterised 

 by long fringes, during repose either roof-shaped or folded over 

 the body ; frenulum present ; legs stoutly spurred. Generation 

 annual. 



Caterpillars slightly hairy, usually with 10 prolegs. A few 

 species have only 6 to 8 prolegs, and those reduced in size (leaf- 

 miners). 



Pupation usually in a cocoon. Pupae with a thin hairless 

 skin, rarely with spines on the abdominal segments, but cha- 

 racterised by the elongate wing-cases which reach almost to 

 the apex of the abdomen. 



The caterpillars generally live in rolled-up leaves, or in 

 shoots, flowers, fruits, seeds, etc. Many species are leaf- 

 miners, living on the parenchyma of leaves, between the upper 

 and lower epidermis. Others bore into the pith, wood, liark 

 or buds. Few of them, however, are important enemies of 

 the forest. 



1. Tinea {Uijpononieuta) variabilis, Zell. 

 a. Description. 



Moth with wing-expanse of 18 to 20 mm. : fore- wings white, 

 clouded with brownish grey on the anterior border, with 3 

 irregular longitudinal rows of black spots, and a group of 

 smaller spots along the outer margin ; hind-wings brown- 

 grey ; fringes pale-grey or whitish. 



Caterpillar 18 mm. long, with 16 legs, yellowish-grey, marked 

 with round black spots, with black head and thoracic shield. 

 Pupa light brown. 



