172 I'KOriXTION ACAINsr FUNfJI. 



c. Prolciiivf Measuirs. 

 Underwood, and diseased l)ranclies and twigs, should be 

 removed by cleaving, pruning and cutting off twigs with 

 shears. 



24. llcrpotrkhia iwira, 11. Hrtg. 



(Spruce Black Needle-rust.) 



a. Desrription and mode of A ffarjc. 



The grey mycelium of Herjwtrichia nigra, R. Hrtg., forms 



an irregular, dark coat on twigs and needles of the spruce, 



the mountain pine, and the juniper, up to about a meter from 



the ground. 



/'. Subjects of A (lack, and Distribution. 



Tliis fungus occurs in the Bavarian Alps only in mountains 



where snow lies long, and there is very deadly, natural 



regeneration being sometimes entirely prevented ; it is less 



hurtful at lower altitudes. It covers the young plants, in 



seed-beds, under the snow, to such an extent that in spring 



they cannot remain upright. It also does much damage to 



mountain pine. Juniper is also attacked. 



c. Protective Measures. 

 i. No nurseries f*liould be made where snow lies deep in 

 mountains. 



ii. Plant close to the stumps of felled trees. 



D. Fungi attacking Cones. 



25. Aecidiinn strohiliuinn, Alb. et Schw. 



(Spruce-cone Fungus.) 



Tiiis fungus develops its mycelium in the still green scales 



of spruce-cones and destroys them. The hemispherical brown 



aecidia are crowded together on the inner surface of these 



scales. 



The infected cones which have fallen to the ground may be 

 easily detected by their opened-out appearance. Spores enter 

 the young cones early in spring. The teleutospores are not 

 yet known. The disease occurs wherever spruce is grown. 



Another fungus, Aecidium Conor am Piccae, Bss., also affects 

 spruce-cones, and may be distinguished from the above by 



