57 S PROTKCTION AC^AINST RTMK. 



thickness of 8 inches. Living hirks were found frozen to the 

 ground by their feet and tails, and in the Champagne district 

 dead partridges were picked up covered with ice. 



Great damage by rime to elm and other trees is described 

 by Plowright as having occurred in Norfolk on Jan. 7th, 1889. 

 (Fig. 258.) 



D. Protective Rules. 



(a) Formation of strong young growth. Where danger 

 from rime and ice is feared, the Scots pine must be excluded 

 or mixed with other species. 



(h) Maintenance of the leaf-canopy even in old woods. 

 Heavy thinnings should not be made in dense pole-woods. 



(c) Isolated standards should not be reserved in high 

 forests. 



(d) A protective belt should be maintained on the north- 

 eastern and eastern borders of woods. 



{e) Wherever danger from rime-frost is greater than from 

 storms, cuttings should be made in w^oods from south-east to 

 north-west ; the south-westerly gales then blow along merely 

 the face of the felling-areas, and endanger a few border-trees 

 only. The correct direction for felling-series can be decided 

 only after a thorough know^ledge has been acquired of the 

 configuration of the ground and of the local factors. 



E. Treatment of Injured Woods. 



Eeference is here invited to Chapter III., p. 557, and 

 Chapter VI., p. 570, dealing with woods damaged by storms 

 and snow, as those which have been injured by ice will require 

 similar treatment. 



