MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 



421 



From a number of flowers. 



Dry. 



a. Indehiscent , 



'A. With a compound pistil. 



From a single 

 flower 



Fleshy , 



B. With a simple pistil. 



b. Dehiscent. . . . . j Dry 



a. Indehiscent . . . {Fleshy . . \ Drupe 



b. Dehiscent | Dry 



Strobile or Cone 

 Sorosis 

 Syconiura 

 Achene 

 Caryopsic 

 Cremocarp 

 Nut 

 Samara 

 Utricle 

 Berry 

 Drupe 

 Et?3rio 

 Hcrperidium 

 Pepo 

 Pome 

 fCapsule 

 1 Follicle 



JFoUicle 



, Legume 



THE INNER STRUCTURE OF FRUITS. 



The inner structure of fruits is quite variable and it is difficult 

 to treat of this in a general way. In the simplest fruits there are 

 three distinct layers, as in the capsule of cardamom, in which 

 there is an outer epidermis of isodiametric or polygonal cells, 

 an inner epidermis of more or less obliterated and elongated cells, 

 between which is a thin-walled parenchyma traversed by a number 

 of fibrovascular bundles. 



In some cases the other epidermis contains numerous stomata, 

 as in poppy capsules, or is developed into hairs and other out- 

 growths or appendages, as in anise, arnica, sumach (Fig. 148), 

 and raspberry (Fig. 243). 



The inner epidermis may also contain stomata, as in the poppy, 

 or be developed into hairs, as in vanilla and orange, or more or less 

 obliterated, as in achene-like fruits, or modified to sclerenchy- 

 matous elements, as in drupes. 



