540 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. 



Ethereal oils containing anethol and resembling those of anise 

 are found in the fruit of Illicium anisattim (/. verum) or star 

 ANISE, a small evergreen tree growing in the mountains of South- 

 ern China. A volatile oil with a disagreeable odor is found in a 

 closely related species /. religiosmn (Shikimi) of Japan. The 

 fruit of the latter plant is known as Japanese star anise and 

 contains in addition a poisonous neutral principle. The fruits of 

 both star anise (Illicium ) and the Japanese star anise are made up 

 of 6 to 8' radially arranged follicles, which are dark brown, dehis- 

 cent on the upper (ventral) surface and each contains a single, 

 brown, shiny seed. Star anise has an odor and taste resembling 

 anise. Japanese star anis'e has a bitter taste and in addition is 

 brownish-black, very woody and strongly beaked. 



Volatile oils are also found in the flowers of the various species 

 of Magnolia and in MicJielia Champaca found in the Malay Archi- 

 pelago and cultivated in India and Brazil, and in M. nilagirica of 

 India, the latter being used in perfumery. 



Winter's bark is derived from Dr'unys IVintcri, a shrub of 

 South America. It occurs in quills wliich are from 5 to 10 mm. 

 thick ; externally it is grayish-brown and covered with numerous 

 lichens ; the fracture is short, the broken surface being marked 

 by stone cells and resin canals ; the odor is fragrant ; taste aro- 

 matic, pungent and bitter. The drug contains a volatile oil which 

 consists essentially of a hydrocarbon known as winterin ; it also 

 contains a resin. 



A crystalline principle magnolin, a glucoside and a volatile oil 

 are found in Magnolia macro phylla (or cucumber-tree of the 

 Southern States) and il/. tripetala or umbrella tree growing 

 southward from Pennsylvania. A bitter principle liriodendrin, a 

 volatile oil, an alkaloid, and a glucoside are found in the tulip 

 poplar or tulip tree. 



The bitter and aromatic bark of Michclia )nontana of Java is 

 used like cascarilla ( Euphorbiaceae). A bitter resin is found in 

 the fruit of Talauuia Plmuicri or the Antilles. 



A glucoside which dissolves the blood corpuscles is found in 

 Talau))ia macrocarpa of Mexico. A red coloring principle soluble 

 in water occurs in the leaves of Michelia Tsiampaca of Java. The 

 fruits of Schizandra propinqua of Nepal and Kadsiira Rox- 



