546 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. 



countries as a shade and ornamental tree, growing very well in 

 Southern California and the Southeastern States. All parts of 

 the tree contain a volatile oil which on oxidation yields camphor, 

 which latter is obtained on distillation and sublimation. Camphor 

 of poor quality is obtained from C. Parthenoxylon of Burmah, 

 Malaya and China, and C. glanduliferum of the Himalayas. Cam- 

 phor is also a constituent of other ethereal oils of this same 

 family, as the Massoy bark oil obtained from the root bark of 

 C. zcylanicum and C. Burmanni of Java. 



A EUGEXOL-containing volatile oil is obtained from Ravensara 

 aromatica of Madagascar, and MacJiilus Thunbergii of Japan. 

 Eugenol is also found in oil of laurel leaves (L. nobilis), Massoy 

 bark oil, the oil of the leaves of Ceylon cinnamon, and the oils 

 obtained from Cinnainojiiimi Cidilazvan of the Malay Peninsula 

 and China, and C. IVightii of East India, and possibly is also 

 found in Dicypellhim caryophyllatum. 



The wood and the bark of Nectandra or Beeberu (Nectandra 

 Rodioci) of Guiana and Brazil contain several alkaloids, one of 

 which is known as beeberine and is supposed to be identical with 

 the alkaloids in Biixiis sciuperz'irens (Fam. Buxacese) ; pelosine 

 found in Pareira ; and paricine found in the bark of the cultivated 

 cinchonas of Java. Coto bark, which is used in medicine, is 

 obtained from an unknown tree in Northern Bolivia belonging to 

 this family. The bark contains a volatile oil having a pungent 

 taste, and a volatile alkaloid. 



Fatty oils are obtained from Ravensara aromatica of Mada- 

 gascar, Litsea glaiica of Japan and other species of Litsea found 

 growing in Cochin China and India. A red sap with a very fetid 

 odor is obtained from Ocotea fartens of tropical and sub-tropical 

 America, and the stink-wood of South Africa (0. bidlata). 



XIII. ORDER RHCEADALES OR PAPAVERALES. 



These are mostly herbaceous, seldom woody, plants. The 

 flowers are perfect and the fruit capsular. This order includes 

 two families of importance medicinally. 



a. PAPAVERACE^ OR POPPY FAMILY.— These are 

 herbs with a milky or colored latex. 



Papaver souiniferum or opium poppy is an annual herb i to 2 



