GLASSIFICATIOX OF AXGIOSPERMS. 5/1 



500 ;a long, the walls consisting of cellulose. The teiin " kinu " 

 is applied to the red astringent juices obtained from a number n{ 

 plants. " American kino " is a synonym sometimes applied to 

 the extract of Geranium maculatuni (h'am, GeraniacccC ). 



Pterocarpus santaliniis is a small tree with trifoliate leaves, 

 and flowers and fruits resembling those of P. Marsiipiuui. The 

 heart-wood is official. 



Hccmatoxylon campechianum is a small tree with irregular 

 spinous branches. The leaves are 8- to lo-foliate, the leaflets being 

 sessile and obcordate. The flowers are fragrant, have a purple 

 calyx and yellow corolla, and are in racemes. The fruit is a 

 slender, lanceolate, flat pod, which dehisces laterally instead of 

 along the sutures. The heart-wood of this tree constitutes the 

 commercial Logwood, of which about 200,000 pounds are con- 

 sumed annually, its chief use being as a dye-wood. 



Kramer ia triandra is a shrub with a few, simple, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, sessile, silver-white, glistening leaves. The flowers are com- 

 plete, having two purple petals and three stamens. The fruit is a 

 f-seeded, globular, prickly, indehiscent pod. K. Ixina, found 

 growing from Mexico to Northern South America, and K. argen- 

 tea of Northern Brazil, are distinguished by having flowers with 

 three petals and four stamens. The root is the part used in 

 medicine. 



Copaiba Langsdorffii is a small tree found growing in Brazil. 

 The leaves are 6- to lo-foliate, the leaflets being ovate-lanceolate, 

 glabrous, coriaceous, and glandular punctate. The flowers are 

 apetalous, and the fruit is an ellipsoidal, coriaceous, 2-valve(l pod 

 having a single glandular seed with an arillus. An oleo-resin 

 collects in longitudinal cavities in the trunk of the tree, often 

 amounting to many liters, and sometimes the pressure thus pro- 

 duced is sufficient to burst the trunk in places. The oleo-resin is 

 official as Copaiba. The latter consists of 30 to 75 per cent, of a 

 volatile oil from which the sesquiterpene caryophyllene has been 

 isolated ; a bitter acrid resin and a bitter principle. A similar prod- 

 uct is obtained from a number of other species of Cojiaiba growing 

 in South America, as well as C. copallifcra of Western Africa, and 

 Hardwickia Mannii of tropical Africa, and //. pinnata of India. 



An oleo-resin known by the natives in the province of Velasco 



