CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 575 



causing losses especially among sheep. The water hemlock 

 (Cicuta maculata, Fam. Umbelliferse) is poisonous to all higher 

 animals, including man. Among other plants poisonous to cattle 

 the following may be mentioned: California loco-weed (Astrag- 

 alus Crotalaricu), Texas or woolly loco-weed {A. mollissimus), 

 rattle-box {Crotalaria sagittalis) found in the Eastern United 

 States and Canada. The poisonous action of some of these plants 

 has been ascribed to the presence of barium salts, although this 

 has not been substantiated in all cases. Clitoria glycinoidcs of 

 Brazil and Phaca ochroleiica of Chile are poisonous to horses 

 and should probably be included with the loco-weeds. 



A large number of the plants belonging to the Leguminoss 

 contain toxic principles and those which have not already been 

 considered might be grouped according to the principles which 

 they contain. 



1. Arrow-poison group, including the genera Erythrophloeum, 

 Afzelia and Pithecolobium. 



2. FiSH-POisoN group, including the genera Albizzia, Afzelia, 

 Bauhinia, Barbiera, Enterolobium, Leucsena, JMillettia, Tephrosia, 

 Acacia, Abrus, Clitoria, Mundulea, Derris, Lonchocarpus, Pisci- 

 dia (F. Erythrina or Jamaica dogwood, which contains a curare- 

 like alkaloid). 



3. SAPONiN-containing plants as the genera Acacia, Albizzia, 

 Entada (E. scandens or the sea bean of the East and West Indies), 

 Enterolobium, Gleditsia and Gymnocladus {G. dioica or Ken- 

 tucky coffee-tree growing in the United States and Canada). 



4. CvTisiNE-containing plants ; the alkaloid cytisine is found in 

 Laburnum vulgare and L. alpinum growing wild in Southern 

 Europe and also cultivated, and in one or more species of the 

 following genera : Anagyris, Baptisia, Coronilla, Crotalaria, 

 Genista, and Ulex. 



Abrin, composed of a globulin and albumose and whose prop- 

 erties are affected at a temperature of 50° C. or over, is found in 

 the seeds of Jequirity (Abrus precatorius) and Cassia hispidula 

 of Mexico; two alkaloids (lupinine and lupinidine) and a bitter 

 glucoside (lupinin) are found in the white lupine {Liipinus albus) 

 of Europe and in other species of Lupinus ; a glucoside (wistarin) 

 and a poisonous resin are found in Wistaria, species of IVistcria, 



