584 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. 



OF Neroli, and composed of limonene, geraniol, linalool, etc. The 

 oil from the rind of the fruit is known as oil of orange peel, and 

 is obtained chiefly from Italy and Sicily. It is composed of 

 limonene, citral, citronellol, etc. The oil from the Bitter Orange 

 peel has a superior flavor and is known as Bigaradl\ oil. The 

 Bergamot Orange is the fruit of the sub-species Bergamia, culti- 

 vated in Europe, but only rarely in the United States. The oil of 

 the rind of the fruit is known as Bergamot oil and consists 

 largely of linalyl acetate. In the group of Mandarin or Kid- 

 glove orange (Citrus nohilis) the fruit is compressed, spherical, 

 5-6 cm. in diameter and with an orange-yellow, loose and easily 

 removable rind. The shaddock or grape-fruit is derived from 

 the sub-species sinensis var. deciimana, a tree indigenous to 

 ithe Malay Archipelago and extensively cultivated in India, Flor- 

 ida, California and elsewhere. The fruits are quite large, some- 

 times weighing several kilograms, and those which are round are 

 the most valuable commercially, being known as Pomelos or 

 Grape-fruits. The Blood Orange is the fruit of the sub-species 

 sinensis var. sanguinea. The Otaheite Orange, which is ex- 

 tensively cultivated as a dwarf pot plant and the foliage and 

 flowers of which resemble those of lemon, is probably a variety of 

 the sub-species sinensis, or it may be a hybrid of lemon and orange. 

 The Navel Orange is a sweet orange in which an additional 

 compound ovary is developed within the fruit. 



Lemon and lime fruits are derived from sub-species of Citrus 

 medica, which are mostly shrubs with simple, petiolate leaves, 

 reddish twigs and flowers, and more or less ellipsoidal fruits. 

 Lemons are derived from the sub-species Limonum. The rind of 

 the fruit yields the oil of lemon, which consists of limonene, 

 citral, etc. Most of the commercial article comes from Sicily and 

 Calabria. Lime fruits or limes are derived from the sub-species 

 acida, a shrub cultivated in the West Indies and Florida. The 

 Citron fruit, the rind of which is used in the making of preserves 

 and confections, is derived from the sub-species genuina. The 

 fruit is large and lemon-like but with a thick rind, the plant being 

 cultivated to some extent in Florida and California. 



The Kumquat Orange is obtained from Citrus japoniea, a 

 thornless tr^e with spreading dwarf habit extensively cultivated 



