CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 621 



a hundred trees in order to obtain 6 or 8 K. of the product. The 

 young twigs of this plant as well as the older wood yield a volatile 

 oil known as Oil of Borneo camphor. 



GuRjUN BALSAM or Wood oil is obtained from a number of 

 species of Dipterocarpus growing in the East Indies by incising 

 the stems as in the collection of turpentine. The balsam is used 

 as a substitute for copaiba and contains an ethereal oil which 

 consists chiefly of a sesquiterpene, an indififerent resin, and gur- 

 junic acid. Sindor balsam is obtained from Dipterocarpus mar- 

 ■ginatus of Borneo. A resin known as " Piney resin," which is 

 used as a substitute for Dammar, is obtained from a number of 

 species of Valeria growing in India. Chaia resin is obtained 

 from Shorea ruhifolia of Cochin China. The bark of Shorea 

 robusta of Northern India contains 32 per cent, of tannin. The 

 seeds of species of Shorea, Pinanga, Gysbertsiaua and I so pt era 

 yield the fatty oil known in Java as Tangkawang. The seeds of 

 a number of plants of this family contain considerable starch, as 

 Vateria, Vatica and Doona. The woods of the following genera 

 are extensively used : Vatica, Shorea, and Hopea. 



g. FAMILY TAMARICACE^.— The plants are halophytic 

 shrubs found in the desert regions of Central Asia and Mediter- 

 ranean countries and one genus (Fouquieria) is found in Mexico. 

 Fouqiiieria splendens is cultivated to some extent, and is known 

 as Ocotilla or Coach-whip Cactus. The bark contains gum, resin 

 and wax; the latter is known as Ocotilla wax and resembles 

 beeswax. The twigs of Myricaria germanica of Europe are used 

 as a substitute for hops. A manna-like sugar is formed on the 

 stems of Tamarix mannifera growing in Egypt, Arabia and 

 Afghanistan, as the result of the sting of an insect {Coccus nianni- 

 parus). Tannin is found in a number of species of Tamarix as 

 well as in the galls formed on the plants, the tannin being used 

 for dyeing. A table salt is prepared from the ash of several 

 species of Reaumiiria found in Northern Africa and the East 

 Mediterranean region. 



h. FAMILY BIXACE^.— These are shrubs or trees found 

 in the Tropics, and are of interest chiefly on account of the seeds 

 of Bixa Orellana which furnish the coloring matter known as 

 Annatto (Orlean, Arnotta). The plant is found in tropical 



