;8o GLOSSARY. 



Canaliculate. Furrowed or grooved. Applied to a deep longitudinal 



channel on the petiole of a leaf. 

 Canescent. Hairs turning white or hoary; applied to plants having a 



gray pubescence. 

 Capillary. Hair-like in structure and manner of growth. 

 Capitate. Head-shaped, as applied to the stigma. Also applied to a 



terminal collection or cluster of flowers. 

 Capsular. Pertaining to or in the nature of a capsule. 

 Capsule. A dry, dehiscent fruit, consisting of two or more united carpels 



(p. 411). 

 Carinal. Resembling a keel. Applied to the two lower connivent and 



more or less coherent petals of papilionaceous flowers. 

 Carinate. Shaped like a keel, as the glumes of many grasses. 

 Carpel. The sporophyll comprising the pistil (pp. 120 and 376). 

 Carpophore. The prolongation of the floral axis in the Umbelliferae 



which supports the two mericarps (p. 417). 

 Caruncle. An outgrowth of the micropyle ; a protuberance in the region 



of the hilum of the seed as in Ricinus (p. 427). 

 Caryopsis. An indehiscent, non-fleshy fruit, possessing a thin pericarp. 



which is closely adherent to the thin seed coat. Commonly called 



grain as corn and wheat (pp. 417 and 466). 

 Casparyan Spots. The suberized portion in the radial walls of the 



endodermal cells (p. 310). 

 Catabolism. The process in which there is a breaking down of complex 



compounds into simpler ones; destructive metabolism (p. 252). 

 Catkin. Same as Ament. 

 Caudate. Having a tail-like appendage. 



Caudex. The woody persistent stem base of a perennial herb. 

 Caulescent. A plant having a manifest stem as seen above the ground. 

 Cauline. Relating to the stem ; as cauline leaves. 

 Cell. The unit structure of the plant ; sometimes erroneously applied to 



the locule of the ovary (p. 2). 

 Chaff. Thin, dry scales ; applied in describing the receptacles of the 



flowers in the Compositae. 

 Chalaza. The basal portion of the seed where the integuments are united 



with the nucellus (p. 127). 

 Chromatophore. A specific term used in describing the chloroplastids in 



the Algae (p. 18). Also applied to the green and yellow plastids in 



higher plants (p. 136). 

 Ciliate. Provided with cilia. 

 Cilia. Minute hair-like processes usually formed in unicellular organisms 



and their spores as a result of the outgrowth of the ectoplasm. They 



are usually two or more in number, and vibrate rapidly, producing 



locomotion (p. 10). 

 Cinereous. (Cineraceous). Having the color of wood-ashes; ash-gray. 

 Circinate. Coiled from the summit toward the base, as the young fronds 



of ferns. 

 Circumscissile. Transversely dehiscent, as in the fruits of Hyoscyamus 



and Eucalyptus (p. 413). 

 Clavate. Club-shaped ; gradually tapering toward the base. 

 Cleistogamous (Clistogamous). Applied to flowers, which remain in the 



bud condition, but are pollinated from their own anthers producing 



seed. The violets, in addition to their conspicuous flowers in the 



spring, produce later inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers which are 



more fruitful than the spring blossoms. 



