40 BACTERIOLOGY. 



groups of distinct phylogenetic value when he 

 placed zooglcea-forming bacteria along with 

 zooglcea-forming schizophytes in one group, 

 and filament-forming bacteria with filament 

 forming algae in a second and related group. 

 These distinguishing marks, how r ever, as Zopf 

 proved later, were not natural ones, and the 

 stronger emphasis subsequently laid upon 

 fructification yielded the first hint of the above- 

 mentioned affinities. But Cohn, understand- 

 ing the close phylogenetic relations, was right 

 in some details and correctly ranked Leu- 

 conostoc with the bacteria, Nosloc with the 

 Schizophytes, Beggiatoa with Oscillaria, Cre- 

 nothrix with Chamczsiphon and Cladothrix 

 with Tolypothrix. Botanists and zoologists 

 have in general assented to the view taken by 

 Cohn, Hueppe and De Bary according to which 

 two groups phylogenetically distinct are united 

 under the name of bacteria. 



Several years ago Brefeld asserted that those 

 organisms passing under the name of yeasts, 

 budding-fungi or Saccharomyces did not form 

 a true natural group but were specialized forms 

 of various species of moulds. Hansen main- 

 tained, in opposition to this, that the species 

 of Saccharomyces that formed endospores were 

 to be regarded as an independent natural 



