52 



BACTERIOLOGY. 



The following examples will make these pro- 

 cesses clear. I shall at first use intention- 

 ally the empirical formulae, taking no heed 

 of the so-called chemical constitution of the 

 compound, and leaving unconsidered the dis- 

 placement of atoms and atomic groups. 



Hydration and formation of anhydride : 



3 C 6 H 10 5 + H 2 = CjgHggOn 

 starch, water, maltose, 



C 6 H 10 5 + H 2 == C 6 H 12 6 

 dextrin, water, grape-sugar. 



C 12 H 22 11 + H 2 == C 6 H 12 6 

 cane-sugar, water, grape-sugar, 



or, milk-sugar, " . 



Conversely : 



C 6 H 10 5 

 dextrine. 



C 6 H 12 6 

 fruit-sugar. 

 galactose. 



C 6 H 12 O 6 H 2 O = C 6 H 10 O 5 

 grape-sugar, water, starch. 



Polymerization and breaking up of polymers 



6CH 2 O = C 6 H 12 O 6 

 formaldehyde, grape-sugar. 



Conversely : 



C C H 18 G = 2C 3 H 6 3 



sugar, 



lactic acid. 



Decompositions and syntheses : 



C 6 H 18 O 6 = 2C 2 H C O 

 sugar, alcohol, 



2CO 2 



carbonic acid. 

 (carbon dioxide). 



or. 



C 6 H 12 O 6 = C 4 H 8 O 8 + . 2092 + 2H 8 

 sugar, butyric acid, carbonic acid, hydrogen. 



