THE VITAL PHENOMENA OF BACTERIA. 53 



Conversely : 



C 2 H 5 N0 2 + C 7 H 6 2 == C 9 H 9 N0 3 + H 3 O 

 glycocoll, benzole acid, hippuric acid, water, 

 amido-acetic acid, 

 or gelatin -sugar. 



Decompositions and syntheses, with simple dis- 

 placement or shifting of atoms : 



HCNO + NH 3 = NH 4 CNO CON 8 H 4 



cyanic acid, ammonia, ammonium cyanate, urea. 



Conversely : 



CON 2 H 4 + 2H 2 = C0 3 (NH 4 ) 2 



urea, water, ammonium carbonate, 

 - 2NH 3 + CO 2 -K H 8 O 

 ammonia, carbonic acid, water. 



Reductions and oxidations : 



H 2 C0 3 = CH 2 + 8 

 carbonic acid, formaldehyde, oxygen. 



Reductions, with entrance of hydrogen into the 

 molecule : 



CH 2 2 + H 2 = CH 2 + H 2 

 formic acid, hydrogen, formaldehyde, water. 



Conversely : 



C 2 H 6 + 2 = C 2 H 4 2 + H 2 

 alcohol, oxygen, acetic acid, water, 

 or, C 2 H 4 O 2 + 2O 2 = 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O 

 acetic acid, oxygen, carbonic acid, water. 



In the absence of oxygen no oxidation can 

 occur, hence a smaller quantity of energy is 

 liberated. If, for example, 1,000 grams of 

 grape-sugar be burned or oxidized to carbonic 



