156 BACTERIOLOGY. 



cesses. If animals are injected intravenously, 

 snbcutaneonsly, or intraperitoneally with 

 putrid fluids they die, but not always in con- 

 s.quence of the poison introduced, for some- 

 times, especially at the beginning of the pro- 

 cess of putrefaction, bacteria occur which are 

 able to multiply in the body of the animal ex- 

 perimented upon. If this increase takes place 

 in the blood it is called septicaemia ; the visi- 

 ble changes do not go beyond bleeding or 

 haemorrhage. If, however, several metastatic 

 localizations in the form of suppurations out- 

 side of the blood-vessels supervene, we speak 

 of the affection as pyaemia. If the growth 

 occurs in the skin we call it erysipelas, if sub- 

 cutaneously, phlegmon. A sharp line of de- 

 marcation between these processes does not, 

 however, exist and the same bacterial species 

 evokes sometimes one, sometimes another 

 process. 



Anthrax (Fig. 24). The anthrax bacilli 

 were first observed by Pollender in 1849, an( ^ 

 by Davaine and Rayer in 1850, and were 

 accurately studied by Davaine and more 

 especially by Koch/ who discovered also the 

 spore-formation. The anthrax bacilli are non- 

 motile rods of 10-1.5." in breadth, and about 

 in length ; both the size and the shape 



1 Cohn, Beitragez. Biol. d. Pflanz., II., 1876. 



