164 BACTERIOLOGY. 



are in the open along with other wild animals, 

 all the susceptible species sicken. (These epi- 

 demics of wild animals were all at one time re- 

 garded as anthrax). The disease may be con- 

 tracted by cattle, domestic swine, wild swine, 

 horses, deer, fallow deer, red deer, rabbits, and 

 guinea-pigs, to which the foregoing statement 

 concerning virulence is especially applicable, 

 and by mice ; also by fowls, pigeons, and geese. 

 What has been stated concerning the virulence 

 of the disease for mammals holds good of birds 

 as well. This disease is also closely related 

 to the Buffelseucke of Italy, the germ of which, 

 however, although forming iiidol, does not form 

 phenol. 



Of a different species, though similar both 

 in form and culture, is the germ causing 

 Schweinepest, first correctly identified b}^Selan- 

 der. These bacteria are actively motile and, 

 according to investigations by Hueppe, Caneva 

 and Bunzl-Federn, they gelatinize milk with 

 formation of alkali. The bacteria of haemor- 

 rhagic septicaemia, on the other hand, coagulate 

 milk with production of acid, so that by this 

 test a simple and sure differential diagnosis is 

 possible. The American swine disease or hog 

 cholera (Salmon) and the swine plague (Bil- 

 lings) are identical with this disease. 1 Whether 



1 Some confusion exists here. See " Additional Investigations 



