1/2 BACTERIOLOGY. 



In atypical cases of lung-inflammation, ery- 

 sipelas streptococci have sometimes been found. 

 Friedlander found also an arthrosporous bac- 

 terium which develops capsules, and in which 

 both coccus and rod forms occur. This species 

 is called Bacterium capsulatum pneumonia 

 (Fig. 4, D.); it loses the stain in Gram's method. 

 Upon gelatin it shows a nail-shaped growth 

 and the gelatin near the surface is colored 

 brown ; in contrast to the Diplococcus lance ola- 

 tus it is rather hardy. It causes septicaemia 

 easily in mice and guinea-pigs, and also in 

 rabbits upon the injection of large quanti- 

 ties. 



It is seen by the statements already made 

 that capsules are formed occasionally by a 

 number of bacteria, as for instance by the an- 

 thrax bacteria. Capsule formation also takes 

 place regularly in certain species of bacteria 

 which in consequence have been denominated 

 " capsule bacteria." The type is Friedlander' s 

 pneumo-bacillus. Identical with this organ- 

 ism, and differing from it only through varia- 

 tions in virulence, is the bacterium of rhino- 

 scleroma, first seen by Fritsch in nasal tumors, 

 and first cultivated by R. Paltauf and Eisels- 

 berg. A bacillus called B. crassus sputigenus 

 was also cultivated by Kreibohm from human 

 sputum. This organism proved virulent for 



