2OO BACTERIOLOGY. 



that there are two different species or varieties 

 of bacteria, one of which causes mammalian, the 

 other avian tuberculosis, falls to the ground. 

 The two kinds are simply nutritional modifi- 

 cations, the one being adapted to the mamma- 

 lian organism, the other to the avian organism 

 which is endowed with a somewhat higher tem- 

 perature. Fischel cultivated from the body of 

 an ape bacteria which were in no wise different 

 from the bacteria of avian tuberculosis, and I 

 have cultivated bacteria from fowl and pheas- 

 ants which bore all the characteristic marks 

 of the germ of mammalian tuberculosis. 



In man the micro-organism is found in simple 

 miliary tuberculosis, in tuberculosis of the 

 skin and in lupus, in scrofula and tuberculosis 

 of the joints ; when in the lungs in association 

 with various pus-producing bacteria, it produces 

 lung-consumption. The clinical conceptions 

 phthisis and lupus therefore need to be further 

 defined to accord with their etiology, i. e., we 

 must distinguish tuberculous, carcinomatous, 

 or syphilitic phthisis and tuberculous or carci- 

 nomatous lupus ; the unqualified terms, phthi- 

 sis and lupus always mean at present the re- 

 spective forms caused by the tubercle bacillus. 

 Experiments upon animals show that, besides 

 simple tuberculosis, the bacteria induce also 

 simple phthisis and suppuration. 



