242 BACTERIOLOGY. 



must now picture the problem to ourselves in 

 a somewhat different way, because in the his- 

 torical development of the subject the aspect 

 of quality so predominated that the quantita- 

 tive side was wholly overlooked or not recog- 

 nized, and only Liebig, Lotze, Virchow, and 

 Naegeli suspected the existence of and partly 

 recognized individual factors of this kind. 



The explanation of the fact that a long time 

 elapsed in the natural sciences before the dual- 

 istic contrast between organic and inorganic 

 was abandoned is that the conceptions of 

 the Critique lingered long in men's minds. 

 Kant was a dualist, and for him inorganic pro- 

 cesses were the consequences of necessity ; or- 

 ganic processes, of purposiveness. Schopen- 

 hauer found quantities in inorganic processes, 

 qualities or stimuli in organic. Unfortunately 

 dualism in the latter form still haunts the 

 minds of many physicians who often never sus- 

 pect its retrogressive character as compared 

 with the mechanical and monistic point of view. 



Predisposition to Disease : Acquired and In- 

 herited. 



As the result of inheritance, individual de- 

 velopment, and adaptation to existing condi- 

 tions of life, every man, and man is the sub- 

 ject I place from now on in the foreground, 



