THE PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. 417 



and equipped with the necessary rudiments of 

 knowledge. I cannot, however, touch here 

 upon the question in detail and shall simply 

 content myself with reiterating the statement 

 that those countries possessed of a system of 

 compulsory vaccination, that is to say, of an 

 effectual protective inoculation, make such an 

 extraordinarily favorable showing that the op- 

 posite condition that exists in other countries 

 constitutes the very best refutation of the op- 

 ponents of vaccination. In Germany, since 

 the introduction of compulsory vaccination, 

 not as many as one in 100,000 living inhabit- 

 ants has died of the small-pox, while the mor- 

 tality in Austria is about 60 and in Hungary 

 about 450 times as great. In Saxon} 7 , between 

 1886-1892, 71 persons died of small-pox; in 

 Bohemia, 19,607. 



The more recent work upon protective in- 

 oculation has developed no practical result for 

 man. But the work has not been wholly 

 without practical result, since protective inoc- 

 ulation of cattle against symptomatic anthrax 

 may be set down as completely successful, and 

 the protective inoculations against anthrax and 

 swine erysipelas have at least been of benefit 

 to certain districts. 



Far more successful up to the present has 



been the struggle against external conditions 



27 



