136 



THE BONES. 



as behind; the ilium is not voluminous, and has only three processes on the anterior and 

 superior ilinc spines. There is no furrow on the lower face of the pubes, and its upper face, 

 like that of the ischium, is very concave. Three eniiueiicea are seen on the posteio-external 

 angle of the ischium. In early life, the ischio-pubic symphysis shows an epiphysary nucleus 

 in the middle of its inferior face. (The epiphysis on the inner border of the ischium has been 

 considtreil by some anatomists as an independent bone, and described by them aa the 

 inter-iscMdl hone). 



The ischio-pubic symphysis has, in the middle of its inferior face, a thick protuberance, 

 flattened on each side and very pointed ; in early life this is an epiphysis, and the epipliysary 

 nucleus, bifurcated posteriorly, is continued along the posterior border of the ischial bones aa 

 far as the ischial tuberosity, in the form of two marginal bands. 



The rim of the cotyloid 



Fig. 88. 



cavity has also three notches, 

 and the supra-cotyloid crest, 

 or ischiatic spine, is very ele- 

 vated and sharp, and but little 

 roughened outwarily. 



In the Sheep and Goaty the 

 coxae aie yet more horizontal 

 and proportionately longer 

 than in the Ox, but tlie upper 

 face of the ischium and pubis 

 i.s less concave ; tiie external 

 iliac fossa is separated into two 

 portions by a small longi- 

 tudinal crest. 



The pelvis of the Camel is 

 remarkable for its great ob- 

 liquity, its shortness, and its 

 narrowness. The anterior 

 border of the ilium is convex ; 

 the pubis and ischium are 

 very tliiek; the rim of the 

 cotyloid cavity is elevated and 

 regular; tlie ischio-pubic sym- 

 physis forms a rugged crest 

 outside the pelvis; and the 

 ischial tuberosity is disposed 

 in the same manner as in the 

 Horse. 



B. Pig.— The pelvis of 

 the Fig closely resembles that 

 of the smaller Ruminants ; 

 though the crest of the ilium 

 is convex, and there is no pro- 

 tuberance outside the ischio- 

 pubic symphysi.-i. 

 The pelvic cavity is vast, in proportion to the animal's height, and the ischio-pubic 

 symphysis is late in becoming ossified. 



C. Dog. — In the Dog, the transverse diameter of the pelvis is greater behind than in front ; 

 it is smallest between the cotyloid cavities. The ilium is nearly vertical, and its external 

 face is much depressed. The notch forming tlie ischial arch occupies no more than the 

 internal moiety of the posterior border of the ischium ; between this arch and the ischial 

 tuberosity, is a rugged lip directed downwards. There is no furrow on the lower face of the 

 pubis. Ossification of the symphysis is even later than in the Pig. 



D. Cat. — In the Cat, the ilium is proportionately narrow, and the supra-cotyloid crest 

 higher, than in the Dog. The posterior border of the ischium is regularly convex from 

 without to within, and the pubic symphy.sis has, inferiorly. a somewhat salient crest (Fig. 88). 



E. Rabbit. — Pelvis horizontal ; ischium nearly as long as the ilium ; external ilac fossa 

 divided by a blunt longitudinal crest ; supra-cotyloid crest little elevated, straight, and ending 

 abruptly behind by a kind of notch ; rim of the cotyloid cavity complete, or having a slight 

 posterior notch ; ischial tuberosities parallel and not divergent, as in the Dog : and posterior 

 border of the ischium concave, and very obliquely directed forwards and inwards (Fig. 88). 



PELVIC BONES OF THE CAT AND RABBIT. 



A, Pelvis of the Cat. B, Pelvis of the Rabbit. 1, Sacrum ; 2, 

 external iliac fossa; 3, great ischiatic notch ; 4, external border 

 of the ilium ; 5, supra-cotyloid crest ; 6, cotyloid cavity ; 7, 

 crest above the shaft or neck of the ilium; 8, small sciatic 

 notch ; 9, anterior extremity of the symphysis pubis ; 10, 

 ischium; 11, ischial tuberosity; 12, pubis; 13, obturator 

 foramen. 



