168 



THE BONES. 



experienced by certain parts, there is not a bone in the skeleton which cannot be 

 included in the vertebral type. 



Fig. 112. 



THORACIC OR PECTORAL VERTEBRA 

 OF A MAMMAL. 



C, Centrum ; n, neural arch ; h, haemal 

 arch. 



Fig. 113. 



CAUDAL VERTEBRA OF THE 

 TURBOT. 



c, Centrum , n, neural arch ; 

 A, haemal arch. 



The vertebra being admitted as the type of construction of the skeleton, it 

 is easy to find it in all the regions of the bony framework. In the thoraco- 



Fig. 114. 



CRANIAL VERTtBRiE OF THE DOG. (AFTER LAVOCAT.) 



1, Occipito-hyoideal vertebra; 2, parieto-maxillary vertebra; 3, fronto-mandibular rertebn; 



4, naso-turbinal vertebra. 



