184 



THE ARTICULATIOJ^B. 



Lateral inclination takes plaxje when the spine bends to one side. This 

 movement is very easily executed in the cervical and coccygeal regions, but is 

 arrested by the ribs and the costiform processes in the doreo-iumbar region, 



A circumflex movement is possible at the two extremities of the vertebral 

 column— neck and tail ; for they pass easily from extension to lateral inclination, 

 and from this to flexion, etc. 



Owing to the elasticity of the intervertebral fibro-cartilages, the spine is 

 endowed with a very limited amount of rotation, or rather of torsion. 



For the special study of the movements of each spinal region, reference must 

 be made to what has been abeady said (p. 4:3) regarding the mobility of this 

 part. 



Fig. 122. 



CERVICAL LIGAMENT OF THE OX. 



L, l', The two laminje which form the cord of the cervical li^aTnent : 1, 2, 3. 4, the four anterior 

 diijitations of the cordiform (lortion. R, Its accessory portion : 5, tirst dorsal vertebrae ; 6, 6, 6, 

 interspinous ligament of the dorsal region. 



Differential Characters in the Vertebral Articulations and Ligaments in the 



OTHER Animals. 



A. In the Ox the intervertebral discs are much thicker than in the Horse. Tho common 

 inferior vertebral ligament is veiy strong in the lumbar region. The supraspinous dorso-lumbar 

 ligament is composed of yellow elastic tissue Tiie cervical ligament is mucli riinre developed 

 than in Solipt-ds, in consequence of the gronter weight of tlw^ head ; and it prest-nts a conforma- 

 tion iiltogetiier special^ which ^I. I.ecoq has made known in the following terms: "On leiving 

 the withers, the fuprn- spinous ligament ceases to cover t\w head of the s|iinous prncessf-s. and 

 extends from each side in a wide and strong band, takiny; points of attachment on the sides of 

 tiie processes. an<l becoming separated, on leaving that of the first dorsal vertebra, into two 

 part-t — a superior and inferior. I'ho first reaches t\\o cervical tuberosity in the form of a thick 

 cord united to the cord of the opposite; the other tl.ins oflf into a band, which i.s attached to 

 the posterior half of the spinous process of the axis, and to ♦hat of the tliird and fonrth vertebrae. 

 A productioTi of the same kind — .in auxiliary to the principal jwrtion — haves tiie atiterioi border 

 of the spinous process of the first dorsal vertebra, and is attached to that of the fourth, fifth, 



