21U 



TEE ABTICVLATIONS. 



tendon of the phalanges ; its internal face is covered by the synovial membrane, 

 which adheres closely to it. 



c. Posterior lateral ligaments (Figs, 132, 21 ; 135, 8).— These have been 

 abeady noticed. Each is composed of the lowermost fibres of the lateral ligament 

 of the first interphalangeal articulation ; these fibres, after being attached to the 

 iiecond phalanx, unite into a sensibly elastic fibrous cord, which is chiefly fixed 



Fig. 135. 



Fig. 136. 



MliTATARSO - PHALANGEAL 

 AND INTER-PHALANGEAL 

 ARTICULATIONS OF THE 

 HORSE. 



Tliese are almost the same 

 as in the anterior limb. 

 ], Superficial layer of the 

 external lateral ligament 

 of the metatarso-phalan- 

 geal articulation ; 2, sesa- 

 moid branch of the deep 

 layer; 3, phalangeal branch 

 of the same ; 4, superior 

 branch of the glenoidal 

 fibro-cartilage; b, middle 

 branch of ditto; 6, inferior 

 branch of ditto; 7, lateral 

 ligament of the first inter- 

 phalangeal articulation ; 8, 

 posterior lateral ligament 

 of the pedal articulation ; 

 9, anterior lateral ligament 

 of ditto. 



ARTICULATION OF THE FOOT (INFEBIOE FACE). 



P, Inferior face of the third phalanx. S, Infe- 

 rior face of the navicular bone. 1, Semilu- 

 nar crest ; 2, interosseous ligament. 



into the extremity and superior border of the navicular 

 bone, where the Ugaments join each other, and in this 

 way form a kind of complementary cushion that iti- 

 creases the navicular articular surface. It also sends 

 off a short fasciculus to the retrossal process, and a 

 small band to the internal face of the lateral fibro- 

 cartilage. Partly concealed by the latter and the plantar 

 cushion, this ligament is covered inwardly by the articu- 

 lar synovial membrane. 



Synovial membrane. — This descends below the facets 

 which unite the navicular to the pedal bone. It offers, 

 posteriorly, a vast cul-de-sac wliich reaches the posterior 

 face of the second phalanx, and lies against the two 

 sesamoidean bursa (Fig. 137, 13). It also forms another 

 much smaller, by being prolonged between the two lateral 

 ligaments of the same side. This is very often distended, 

 and it is liable to be opened in the operation for diseased lateral cartilages. 

 Movements. — The same as those of the first interphalangeal articulation. 



In the Sheep are found : 1. An interosseous ligament to unite the navicular bone to the 

 third phalanx. 2. Two anterior lateral ligaments commencing, as already stated, at the first 

 phalanx. 3. Two lateral posterior lif^aments, passincr to the posterior face of the second phalanx 

 and the navicular bone (the internal is yellow and elastic). 4. A single, anterior, elastic liga- 

 ment, attaciied above to the superior extremity of the second phalanx, and fixed below into the 

 third, between the insertion of the common extensnr of the digits and that of the internal 

 anterior lateral ligament; an inferior interdigital ligament, situated between the ungiieal 

 phalanges, whose separation from each other it limits This ligiiment is composed of parallel 

 fibres, whicli extend transversely from the one navicular bone to the other, and is covered on 



