MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK. 



245 



maBtoido-humeralis is removed, leaving only the cervical insertions of the latter muscle; then 

 the limb is removed by sawing through the Bcapiila beucatli the insertions of the angularis 

 and Bcrratus magnus, as in Fig. 162. But as neither the cervical or dorsal insertions 

 of the splenius are exposed, it is necessary U> proceed to tlie second part of thi- operation by 

 removing the rliomboideus, angulnris, and the superior extremity of the shoulder. To prepare 

 the third layer, wliich comprisi s the great and small complexus, it is sufficient to excise the 

 splenius, in following tlie dinetion of the neck, and fo turn upwards and downwards the two 

 portions of the muscle (see Fig. 162). Lastly, the deep layer— the semispinalis and iutertrans- 

 versalis, oblique, and posterior straight muschss, as well as the cervical ligament— is exposed 

 by removing the complexus auil lungissimus dorsi muscles (see Fig. 102). 



First Layer. 



Cervical Portion of the Trapezius. 



For description of this muscle, see Spinal Region of the Back and Loins. 



Second Lai/er. 



1. Ehomboideus (Figs. 158, 6 ; 162, 1, 2.) 



Synonyms. — Described by Bourgelat as two muscles, the proper elevator of the shoulder and 

 the r/<om/w/rfe«8, these were teimed by Girard the cervico-subseapularis and dorso-siibocapularis. 

 (This is tlie rhnmboidtus Ioikjus and brevis of Percivall, and the dorso-scupularis and cervico- 

 subseapularis uf Leyli.) 



Form — Sitiuifion — Direction. — Tliis muscle has the form of a very elongated 

 triangle, and is situated at the inner aspect of the cervical trapezius and the 



Fig. 158. 



LATERAL VIEW OF THE NECK; SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES. 



1, 1, Parotid gland ; 2. sfernn-ma.xillaris. and, 14, its junction with its fellow of the opposite side, 

 3,4, maftoido-humeralis, or levator humeri; 5. splenius; 6, rhomboideus ; 7, funicular portion 

 of the cervical ligament, or ligamentum colli; 8, angularis of the scapula; 9, supra- or antea- 

 spinatus ; 10, trapezius; 11, infra- or postea-spinatus ; 12, jugular vein; 13, subscapulo- 

 hyoideus; 15, trachea. 



scapular cartilage, beneath the cervical ligament, the direction of which it follows. 



Structure— Attachments. — It is composed of thick fleshy fasciculi, the anterior 



of which are oblique downwards and backwards, the posterior passing directly 



