280 



THE MUSCLES. 



it contracts, it is limited to wrinkling the skin of the eyebrow in drawing it slightly 

 to the nasal angle— which it can do whether the eyelids are in contact or apart. 



3. Lacheymalis Muscle. 



(igynonym.— Not mentioned by Percivall. It i8 the inferior palpebral muscle of Leyb.) 



A wide and very tliin muscle, situated superficially below the eye. It is con- 

 tinuous, in front, with the panniculus ; behind, with the levator labii superioris ; 

 above, with the orbicularis of the eyelids. Its fibres, partly muscular and partly 

 aponeurotic, leave the external surface of the lachrymal and malar bones, are 



directed dowTi wards, and become 

 Fig. 169. lost in a connective tissue fascia 



which covers the buccinator ; 

 some pass beneath the zygo- 

 maticus and form the zygoma- 

 ticus minor,when this is present. 

 This muscle is supposed to 

 corrugate and twitch the skin 

 below the eye. 



C. AUEICULAR, OR CONCHAL 



EeCtIOX. 



The muscles of this region 

 move the concha, or pavilion 

 of the ear {concha auris). The 

 largest arise from the surface 

 of the cranial bones or cord of 

 the cervical ligament, and 

 terminate on the cartilages of 

 the external ear ; the medium- 

 sized pass from one cartilage to 

 another ; and the smallest are 

 found on the surface of the 

 concha, inside and out. The 

 latter are really intrinsic 

 muscles, but they are of so little 

 importance that we will not 

 describe them. The others are 

 ten in number. 



In the first plane we find 

 the zygomatico-auricularis {atto- 

 lens anticus), temporo-auricu- 

 laris externus {attolens maxi- 

 mus), scuto-auricularis externus, 

 three cervico-auriculares {re- 

 trahens externus, medius, inter- 

 tills), and parotido-auricularis 

 (abducens) ; the second plane, the temporo-auricularis internus {attolens posticus^ 

 scuto-auricidaris internus, ti/mpano-auricularis {mastoido-auricidaris). 



Before studying these muscles, it is indispensable to examine the pieces of 



MUSCLES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR OF THE MULE. 



1, 1, AttoUens maxiinus; 2, attollens posticus; 3, scuti- 

 forin cartilage ; 4. scuto-auricularis externus. A, auri- 

 cular branches of the first cervical nerve ; B, anterior 

 auricular nerve (from the facial); C, terminal branches 

 of the superciliary nerve ; D, superficial or temporal 

 branch of the lachrymal nerve. 



