342 



THE MUSCLES. 



B. Muscles of the Anterior Foot in the Pio. 

 In our notes on the myology of this animal, we find : 



1. A muscle which originates in the substance of the metacarpo-supercarpal ligament, and 

 terminates on tlie proper extensor of the small external digit by a fibrous strip joined to the 

 external fasciculus of the first interosseous muscle ; it is also attached to the external sesamoid. 

 Tills is no doubt, tiie representative of the short flexor of the small digit in Mau and tho 

 Cariiivora. 



2. A single, but very voluminous lumhricus, fixed, at the one part, to the perffirans tendon, 

 and at the other, to the proper extensor tendon of the small internal digit Cindex), as iu the 

 preceding muscle. 



3. Four interosseous metacarpal muscles, similar to those in the Dog, and whose terminal 

 digitations join the proper extensor tendons. The interosseous museles of the two small digits 



are not only divided at their inferior extremity, but 

 Fig. 191. throughout their whole length are observed to be two 



very distinct fasciculi, one superficial and external, the 

 other deep and internal. The fibrous membrane cover- 

 ing these muscles, and which separates them from 

 the perforaus tendons, is much thicker than in the 

 Carnivora. 



C. Muscles op the Anterior Foot in 



SOLIPEDS. 



In Solipeds, only two lumbrici and two 

 interosseous metacarpal muscles have to be 

 described. 



1 . The lumbrici originate at the right and 

 the left of the perforans tendon, above the 

 sesamoid annular band of the perforatus. They 

 each terminate by a thin tendon, which is lost 

 in the fibrous layer enveloping the elastic 

 cushion of the ergot of the fetlock. 



2. The interosseous muscles {anterior lum- 

 brici — Percivall) have been wrongly considered 

 by French veterinary anatomists as lumbrici 

 muscles, and are described by them as the 

 superior, or great lumbrici. Situated within the 

 rudimentary metacarpal bones, these two little 

 muscles are formed of a very delicate fleshy 

 mass embedded in the fibrous tissue surround- 

 ing the head of the metacarpal bones, and of 

 a long tendon which descends to the metacarpo- 

 phalangeal articulation, to be confounded with 

 the band furnished to the anterior extensor of 



MUSCLES OF HUMAN HAND. 



I, Annular ligament ; 2, 2, origin and 

 insertion of the abductor pollicis 

 mascle; 3, flexor ossis metacarpi, or 

 opponens pollicis ; 5, deep portion of 

 flexor brevis pollicis; 6, adductor 

 pollicis ; 7, 7, lumbricales muscles 

 arising from the deep fle.xor tendons, 

 upon which the figures are placed ; 

 8, a tendon of deep flexor ; 9, tendon 

 of flexor longus pollicis ; 10, abductor 

 minimi digitii ; 11, flexor brevis 

 minimi digitii; 12, pisiform bone; 

 13, first dorsal interosseous muscle, 

 the abductor indicis. 



the phalanges by the suspensory ligament. 



Sometimes this tendon is directly united to one of the extensors of the phalanges. 



These two muscles represent the interossei of the lateral digits. With regard 



to those of the median digit, they are transformed, as we have already seen, into 



a fibrous brace which constitutes the suspensory ligament of the fetlock. 



D. Muscles of the Anterior Foot in Ruminants. 

 These animals have no muscles, properly speaking, in the region of the foot ; in fact, we only 

 find in them the suspensory ligament of tiie fetlock, which is the interosseous of the two 

 complete digits. 



Comparison of the Hand of Man with that of Animals. 

 The muscles of Man's hand are numerous and well -developed, in consequence of the extenj 



