MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LIMBS. 



377 



Comparison of the Muscles of the Foot in Man with those of Animals. 



In Man, there arc distinguished the muscles of the dorsal region, the plantar region, and 

 the iuterosseus muscles. 



I. Dorsal Region. 



This only contains one muscle, the pedal (extensor brevis digitorum). It is attached, 

 behind, to the antero-external part of tlio upper face of the os ralcis, by several aponeurotic 

 layers; its fleshy fasciculi, four in number, are prolonged by as many tendons destined to the 

 first four toes; three of them pass along with the tendons of the common extensor. 



2. Plantar Region. 



This is subdivided into threp regions : a middle, internal, and external. 



The first comprises : 1. The common short flexor of the toes, which is represented in Soli- 



Fig. 208. 



Fig. 209. 



first layer of plantar muscles of 

 human foot. 



1, Os calcis ; 2, posterior part of plantar fascia 

 divided transversely; 3, abductor pollicis; 

 4, abductor minimi digitii; 5, flexor 

 brevis digitorum ; 6, tendon of flexor 

 loDgus pollicis ; 7, 7, lumbricales. 



THIRD AND PART OF SICCOND LAYER OF 

 PLANTAR MUSCLES OF HUMAN FOOT. 



1, Incised plant;ir fascia ; 2, musculus acces- 

 sorius; 3, tendon of fle-xor longus digi- 

 torum ; tendon of flexor longus pollicis ; 

 5, flexor brevis pollicis ; 6, adductor pol- 

 licis ; 7, flexor brevis minimi digitii ; 8, 

 transversus pedis ; 9, intero.^sei muscles, 

 plantar and dorsal ; 10, convex ridge 

 formed by the tendon of the peroneus lon- 

 gus in its oblique course across the foot. 



peds by a portion of the perforatus. It is attached to the iufero-internal tuberosity of the 

 03 calcis, and to the upper face of the middle plantar aponeurosis. It has four tendons, which 

 are inserted into the second phalanges of the first four toes, after forming rings through which 

 pass the tendons of the common long flexor. 



2. The uccesmry of the long flexor, the fibres of which pass to the tendons of the common 

 flexor. 



3. The lumhrici. four in number, and analogous to those of the hand. 



The internal planiar region is composed of three muscles, which are found in a rudimentary 

 condition in the I)o-'. 



L The short adilwtor of the great toe, which extends fiom the internal tuberosity of the ob 

 calcis to the internal sesamoid and the first phalanx of the great toe. 



