410 THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. 



which it is inserted, after making a somewhat long track under the mucous 

 membrane of the pharynx. 



This muscle stretches the curtain, and draws its free border from the 

 (Esophageal infundibulum, during pharyngeal deglutition. 



Palato-staphylinus fAzygos Uvulae) (Fig. 215, 7). 



(Synonyms — Staphyleus — Girard. Circumflexus palati—Percivall. The azygos uvulx of 

 Man.) 



A small, elongated, cylindrical, bright-red muscle, opposed, in the median 

 line, to that of the other side, and extending over the inferior surface of the 

 preceding, from the palatine arch to the free border of the soft palate, which it 

 pulls forward and upward to dilate the isthmus of the fauces. It arises by a 

 small glistening tendon, not from the palatine, but from the staphyline aponeu- 

 rosis (Fig. 215, 7). The fascia which the two muscles form is for the most part 

 covered, in its middle portion, by the fibres of the tensores palati. 



Sometimes, and especially in the Ass and Mule, the fibres of this muscle 

 are directly attached to the palatine arch, in becoming more or less insinuated 

 into the substance oi the glandular layer. 



Peristaphylinus Externus (Tensor Palati) (Fig. 220, 11) 



(Synonym. — The circumflexus of Man.) 



This is a small, elongated muscle, flattened on both sides, bulging in itsj 

 middle, thin and tendinous at its extremities, and extending obliquely forward 

 and downward from the styloid process of the temporal bone, where it has its 

 origin, to the pterygoid trochlea. Its terminal tendon glides and is inflected 

 inwards on this pulley, to be afterwards spread out and confounded with the 

 fibrous framework of the soft palate, which causes the framework to represent 

 an expansion of the tendon. 



The muscle is covered, outwardly, by the pterygoidei muscles ; it is related, 

 internally, to the next muscle, which separates it from the Eustachian tube. 



It is a tensor and depressor of the aponeurosis of the soft palate. 



Peristaphylinus Internus (Levator Palati) (Fig. 220, 12). 



(Synonyms. — Stylo-pharyngeus — Percivall. The levator palati of Man.) 



This is formed by a pale and thin band, which arises with the preceding 

 muscle, descends between it and the Eustachian tube, passes beneath the 

 superior constrictor of the pharynx, then below the mucous membrane of the 

 pharynx to reach the soft palate, where it expands on the anterior or posterior 

 surface of the palato-pharyngeus, beneath the glandular layer, its fibres becoming 

 mixed, on the median line, with those of its feUow. 



This is an elevator of the soft palate. 



3. GJandular layer. — This layer is comprised between the fibrous membrane 

 and the anterior mucous layer, becoming thinner as it is prolonged over the 

 intrinsic muscles ; it does not extend to the free border of the organ. It is 

 thickest on each side of the median plane, where it forms two lobes, which appear 

 on the anterior surface of the soft palate as an elongated ridge, much more 



