SPOTS AND STRIPES IN MAMMALS 31 



complete ring of smaller ones, we have the rosette-like type 

 of ornamentation, as exemplified in the leopard, the snow- 

 leopard, and the jaguar. In the two former the ring 

 encloses a uniform light area ; but in the latter the central 

 area generally carries two or more dark spots. A further 

 development of the ring leads to the so-called clouded type, 

 as displayed by the Oriental clouded leopard and marbled 

 cat, and the American ocelot. Here the ring becomes en- 

 larged into a large squarish or oblong area, enclosing an 

 area of darker hue than the general ground-colour of the 

 fur, and bordered by a narrow black line; the black line 

 in the two former species being, however, confined to the 

 hinder half of the cloudings. 



3. Mammals with dark transverse stripes. Tiger, young 

 lions, wild cat, striped hyaena, aard-wolf (Proteles), banded 

 civets (Hemigale), banded mongoose (Crossarchus), zebra- 

 antelope, gnus, zebras, thylacine, and the water-opossum 

 (Chironectes). Among these it may be noted that in the 

 zebras the stripes on the hindquarters have a more or 

 less marked longitudinal direction ; and whereas in the 

 mountain zebra and Gravy's zebra they consist of simple 

 dark bands on a light ground, in some forms of Burchell's 

 zebra the light areas between the dark stripes are traversed 

 by an intermediate stripe of somewhat darker hue than the 

 ground-colour. 



4. Mammals with white spots arranged in longitudinal 

 lines. Fallow-deer and Indian spotted deer, young tapirs; 

 the paca (Coelogenys) among the rodents ; and the dasyures 

 among the marsupials. Both in young tapirs and the paca 

 the spots tend to coalesce into more or less complete 

 longitudinal stripes. 



5. Mammals with white transverse bands. The kudu, 

 eland, bongo (Boocercus euryceros), and harnessed antelope 



